Acquired cardiovascular pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of hydropericardium

A

dilated cardiomyopathy
renal failure

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2
Q

What things can cause haemopericardium

A

Atrial haemagisarcoma and atrial rupture
Spontaneous rupture of right atrium
Haemorrhagic effusions (not full blood)

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3
Q

Portals of entry for pericarditis

A

Haematogenous dissemination
Direct entry via foreign body/thorax
Extension from the pleura

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4
Q

What infectious diseases can cause myocarditis

A

Parvo
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiosis
Bacterial septicaemias
etc

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5
Q

What two presentations of parvo myocardial disease are there

A

1) Sudden death at 3-8 weeks from myocarditis
2) Later presentation due to firbosis in myocardium and scarring

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6
Q

What causes myocardial infarct

A

Thrombosis or embolism of coronary arteries e.g from atherosclerosis (hypothyroidism) or DIC

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7
Q

what deficiency is dilated cardiomyopathyin cats associated with

A

Taurine

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8
Q

What do we see in a heart with restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Marked reduction in left ventricular lumen size

causes impaired ventricular filling so myocardial hypertrophy

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9
Q

What things can lead to restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

LV endocardial fibrosis
Excessive moderator bands between LV wall and septum which stops the chamber moving much

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10
Q

Causes of arterial mineralisation in endocardium

A

Vitamin D toxicosis (rare)
Uraemia from renal insufficiency

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11
Q

What can cause arterial aneurysm

A

Often idiopathic
Can be due to spirocerca lupi migration

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12
Q

What can cause arterial hypertrophy

A

Aeulurostrongylus abstrusus (cats)
Dirofilaria immitus (dogs)
Or idiopathic

Or due to obstruction causing hypertrophy

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13
Q

What can cats who look asthmatic actually have

A

Lungworm

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14
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Fibrosis of the intimal layer, age related
Most often abdominal aorta
Rare

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15
Q

What is atherosclerosis and which diseases does it happen in

A

Where there are lipid deposits in intimal and medial layers
Hypothyroidism and hypercholesterolaemia

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16
Q

What things can cause vasculitis

A

Inflammation of blood vessels
* Infectious agents: FIP, aspergillosis, spirocercosis, aleurostrongylosis
* Immune-mediated SLE
* Local extension of inflammation

17
Q
A