Acoustique - Echographie Flashcards

1
Q

Oscillateur parfait

A

d^2.v / dt^2 + ωo^2.u = 0

ωo= 2 π fo =2 π / To

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2
Q

Puissance d’une onde sonore

A

P = I x S = constante (en Watt)

si S sphérique, ionotrope: I1/I2 = (r1/r2)^2

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3
Q

Intensité

A

I = (δPa)^2 / 2Z

Astuce: I = 10^-12+L/10

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4
Q

Impédance du milieu

A

Z = ρ x c

avec c la vitesse du son: 3.10^8

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5
Q

Célérité d’un gaz parfait

A

C = racine(ɣ P/Po) = racine(ɣ RT/M)

Astuce: si T=300K -> RT = 2500

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6
Q

Niveau sonore

A

L = 10log( I / Iref)

Astuce: La-Lb = 10log(Ia/Ib)

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7
Q

Onde sinuosidade

A

u(x,t) = ua.cos/sin(ωt +-kx)
- si vers les x croissants
+ si vers les x décroissants

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8
Q

Champs auditif humain

A

20Hz - 20kHz

si on +1 octave -> fréquence x 2

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9
Q

Cage thoracique humaine

A

Fréquence de résonance de 8Hz pile

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10
Q

Changement de milieu

A

Fréquence inchangée mais longueur d’onde si

R+T = 1

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11
Q

Réflexion de l’onde

A

R = (Z1-Z2)^2 / (Z1+Z2)^2

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12
Q

Transmission de l’onde

A

T = 4Z1Z2 / (Z1+Z2)^2

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13
Q

Absorption dans un milieu imparfait

A

augmente avec f

dépend de l’épaisseur traversée

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14
Q

Intensité de l’onde

A

I = Io.e^µx

décroissance exponentielle

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15
Q

Niveau sonore de l’onde

A

L(x) = Lo-Ax

décroissance linaire

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16
Q

Astuce calcul si onde place avec interface et absorption

A
In = Im x f(R,T) x e^µx
ΔL = Ln-Lm = 10log f(R,T) - Ax
17
Q

Doppler de fréquence

A

fr > fs -> +aigu (rapprochement)

fr < fs -> +grave (éloignement)

18
Q

Intensité thermique

A

Itherm = σT^4 = Ptherm/S (en W.m^-3)

la température T en K

19
Q

Doppler lumineux

A

fr > fs -> +bleu (rapprochement)

fr < fs -> +rouge (éloignement)