ACOUSTICS/SPEECH SCIENCE

Question 1

X and Y axis for waveform

Answer 1

• x = time

- y = amplitude, pressure, or intensity

Question 2

X and Y axis of spectogram

- darkness?

Answer 2

• x = time
• y = frequency
• darkness = amplitude/intensity

Question 3

X and Y axis of spectrum

Answer 3

• x = frequency
• y = amplitude or a related measure
• **shows amplitude of individual sinusoids in a sound

Question 4

what is a sinusoid? what do they exhibit?

Answer 4

pure tone or simple sound, consist of a single frequency

- simple harmonic motion

Question 5

adding sinusoids of the same frequency gives?

Answer 5

another sinusoid w/ the same frequency

Question 6

adding sinusoids of different frequency gives?

Answer 6

a complex sound

Question 7

waveforms of sinusoids show?

Answer 7

simple, repetitive patters

Question 8

amplitude spectrum of a sinusoid consists of?

Answer 8

singe vertical line

Question 9

spectogram of a sinusoid?

Answer 9

spectogram not needed b/c f1 does not change over time

Question 10

how are complex sounds produced?

Answer 10

by adding sinusoids of DIFFERENT frequencies

Question 11

complex sounds may be _____ or _____

Answer 11

periodic, aperiodic

Question 12

is VF vibration a sinusoid or complex? periodic or aperiodic?

Answer 12

complex, may be either

Question 13

with periodic complex sounds, each sinusoidal frequency is?

- sinusoids in a periodic complex sound are referred to as?

Answer 13

an integer multiple of a greatest common denominator

• GCD: called fundamental frequency (f0) of the sound
• harmonics

Question 14

see examples of harmonics on p. 53

Answer 14

see p. 53

Question 15

with aperiodic complex sounds, the sinusoidal frequencies are or are not integer multiples of a common denominator?

Answer 15

ARE NOT

Question 16

amplitude spectrum of a periodic complex sound?

Answer 16

always has more than one line since more than one sinusoidal frequency is present

Question 17

narrowband spectograms of complex periodic sounds show?

Answer 17

individual harmonics and how their frequencies change over time

Question 18

waveforms of aperiodic complex sounds?

Answer 18

do not show a repetitive pattern - i.e., do not have a cycle

Question 19

amplitude spectra of aperiodic sounds?

Answer 19

show average amplitude of sinusoids across the frequency spectrum

Question 20

harmonic amplitude decreases as harmonic frequency _____

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

for each octave increase in frequency, harmonic amplitude decreases by _____

Answer 21

~12 dB

Question 22

only skimmed p. 56-60

Answer 22

re-read

Question 23

F1 is most closely associated with? explain

Answer 23

pharynx size - tongue height

• high vowels vowels and glides have highest tongue position = low F1 frequency
• low vowels have lowest tongue position = high F1 frequency

Question 24

F2 is most closely associated with? explain

Answer 24

oral cavity size - varies with tongue advancement (tongue in front vs. back)

• front vowels have most forward tongue position = high F2 frequency
• back vowels have farthest-back tongue position = low F2 frequency

Question 25

F3 important for distinguishing what?

Answer 25

the retroflexed /er/ vowels and the /r/ consonant

Question 26

know high vs low, back vs front vowels

Answer 26

study from phonetics

Question 27

spectogram practice for different types of sounds on p. 63-70

Answer 27

p. 63-70 - study

Question 28

what is jitter?

Answer 28

cycle-to-cycle variability in frequency

Question 29

what is shimmer?

Answer 29

cycle-to-cycle variability in amplitude

Question 30

modal voice, creaky voice, breathy voice

Answer 30

see pg. 77