ACOUSTICS/SPEECH SCIENCE Flashcards
X and Y axis for waveform
- x = time
- y = amplitude, pressure, or intensity
X and Y axis of spectogram
- darkness?
- x = time
- y = frequency
- darkness = amplitude/intensity
X and Y axis of spectrum
- x = frequency
- y = amplitude or a related measure
- **shows amplitude of individual sinusoids in a sound
what is a sinusoid? what do they exhibit?
pure tone or simple sound, consist of a single frequency
- simple harmonic motion
adding sinusoids of the same frequency gives?
another sinusoid w/ the same frequency
adding sinusoids of different frequency gives?
a complex sound
waveforms of sinusoids show?
simple, repetitive patters
amplitude spectrum of a sinusoid consists of?
singe vertical line
spectogram of a sinusoid?
spectogram not needed b/c f1 does not change over time
how are complex sounds produced?
by adding sinusoids of DIFFERENT frequencies
complex sounds may be _____ or _____
periodic, aperiodic
is VF vibration a sinusoid or complex? periodic or aperiodic?
complex, may be either
with periodic complex sounds, each sinusoidal frequency is?
- sinusoids in a periodic complex sound are referred to as?
an integer multiple of a greatest common denominator
- GCD: called fundamental frequency (f0) of the sound
- harmonics
see examples of harmonics on p. 53
see p. 53
with aperiodic complex sounds, the sinusoidal frequencies are or are not integer multiples of a common denominator?
ARE NOT
amplitude spectrum of a periodic complex sound?
always has more than one line since more than one sinusoidal frequency is present
narrowband spectograms of complex periodic sounds show?
individual harmonics and how their frequencies change over time
waveforms of aperiodic complex sounds?
do not show a repetitive pattern - i.e., do not have a cycle
amplitude spectra of aperiodic sounds?
show average amplitude of sinusoids across the frequency spectrum
harmonic amplitude decreases as harmonic frequency _____
increases
for each octave increase in frequency, harmonic amplitude decreases by _____
~12 dB
only skimmed p. 56-60
re-read
F1 is most closely associated with? explain
pharynx size - tongue height
- high vowels vowels and glides have highest tongue position = low F1 frequency
- low vowels have lowest tongue position = high F1 frequency
F2 is most closely associated with? explain
oral cavity size - varies with tongue advancement (tongue in front vs. back)
- front vowels have most forward tongue position = high F2 frequency
- back vowels have farthest-back tongue position = low F2 frequency
F3 important for distinguishing what?
the retroflexed /er/ vowels and the /r/ consonant
know high vs low, back vs front vowels
study from phonetics
spectogram practice for different types of sounds on p. 63-70
p. 63-70 - study
what is jitter?
cycle-to-cycle variability in frequency
what is shimmer?
cycle-to-cycle variability in amplitude
modal voice, creaky voice, breathy voice
see pg. 77
