Acneiform Eruptions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What portion of the body is affected by chronic inflammation in acne vulgaris?

A

Chronic inflammation of the pilo-sebaceous unit - affects the face, chest and the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does sebum excretion rate change in acne?

A

There is increased sebum excretion rate

Sebum excretion rate increases at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of comedones?

A

Open comedones (blackheads)

Closed comedones (whiteheads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are blackheads?

A

Dilated keratin filled follicles which appear as black papules due to the keratin debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are whiteheads?

A

Accumulation of sebum and keratin deeper in the pilosebaceous ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does inflammation occur in acne?

A

Pilosebaceous duct becomes blocked, following this there is bacterial colonisation of the duct which causes the release of inflammatory mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can arise from comedones?

A

Inflammatory papules, nodules and cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common peak of acne vulgaris?

A

15 - 18 years (incidence as high as 90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is there a genetic component to acne?

A

Yes, there may be a positive family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What colonises the pilosebaceous ducts?

A

Propionibacterium

Causes inflammation, hypercornification and occlusion of pilosebaceous ducts

Cornification - when squamous epithelium develops into tough protective layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the TOPICAL treatment for acne vulgaris?

A
  • retinoids
  • benzoyl peroxide (BPO)
  • anti-biotics : clindamycin

tetracycline

erythromycin

•others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the NON-TOPICAL treatment for acne vulgaris?

A

•anti-biotics : tetracyclines

erythromycin

(trimethoprim)

  • anti-androgens : oral contraceptives/Dianette (androgens and progestogens increase sebum production)
  • isotretinoin/Roaccutane
  • (light based treatments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who prescribes isotretinoin?

A

Skin specialists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is isotretinoin effective?

A

•most effective treatment for severe/stubborn acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prescription regimen for isotretinoin?

A

Single monotherapy - single daily dose

clearance and 60-70% cure rate

1 mg / kg / day for 16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the drawbacks for isotretinoin?

A

Highly teratogenic (pregnancy prevention programme)

Many potential side effects

Dry skin (muco - cutaneous junctions)

Hair loss, mood swings, depression, suicide, abnormal LFT’s, hypertriglycerideaemia

Expensive

17
Q

What does acne rosacea affect?

A

Central face

18
Q

What does acne rosacea consist of?

A

Flushing

Erythema

Papules

Pustules

Telangiectasia

It is unusal to see acne rosacea on non-facial sites

NO COMEDONES

19
Q

Who does acne rosacea often affect?

A

Ages 30-50 years

Females more than males

Fair skinned indivisuals

20
Q

What exacerbates acne rosacea?

A

Heat

Sunlight

Alcohol

21
Q

What are the subtypes of acne rosacea?

A
  • erythemato-telangiectatic
  • papulo-pustular
  • phymatous (M>>>F) - rhinophyma is the soft tissue overgrowth of the nose
  • Ocular
22
Q

What is the TOPICAL treatment of acne rosacea?

A
  • anti-biotics – metronidazole
  • azeleic acid
  • ivermectin
  • brimonidine
23
Q

What are the non-topical treatments for acne rosacea?

A

•anti-biotics – tetracyclines

(erythromycin)

(metronidazole)

•isotretinoin

light based treatments

24
Q

May be worth reading about these

A
  • infantile acne
  • acne conglobata
  • acne fulminans
  • pyoderma faciale/rosacea fulminans
  • acne inversa/hidranitis suppurativa