Acne, Warts, Urticaria, Skin caner, Sunscreen, Fungal Flashcards
Acne grades 1, 2, 3, 4
Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules/cysts
CPPN
How to treat grade 4 acne?
Topical retinoid or benoyl peroxide at night, higher strength than used in grade 2/3
PLUS
Oral AB for 3-6 months (Doxy, minocyclin
OR the pill for females
Systemic retinoid as last line
What are some side effects of systemic retinoids?
Tetrogenic
Dryness (Lips, hands, nose)
Increase sensitivity to the sun
Contraindicated with tetracyclines
How do retinoids work for acne?
Activates retinoid acid receptor which causes:
- transcription in genes that cause differentiation, leads to normalisation of keratinocyte process = reduction in blockage in sebaceous gland = reduce p acne
- Reduce sebocyte number and reduced sebum secretion = reduce acne
How does the pill help with acne?
Cyproterone: reduces activation of androgen receptor
Ethinyloestradiol: activates oestrogen receptor which leads to a reduced androgen production by ovaries and adrenals
What virus are warts caused by?
Human papilloma virus
Tinea corporis
Trunk and limbs
Tinea cruis
Groin
Tinea Manuum
Hands
5 types of topical imadazoles
Bifonazole Clotrimazole Econazole Ketoconazole Miconazole
Oral therapy for tinea?
- Griseofulvin
- Itraconazole
- Fluconazole
- Terbinafine
When is oral therapy used for tinea?
When tinea is in hair bearing areas, palms and soles
If widespread
Unresponsive to topical tx
Recurrent
Three common skin cancers?
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinomas
- Melanoma
Four precursors and lesions indicating risk of skin cancer?
- Solar keratoses
- Melanocytic naevi
- Dysplastic naevi
- Seborrhoeic keratoses
Which is stronger UVA or UVB?
UVA- Penetrates deeper into the skin and causes long term damage (wrinkles, discolouration, sagging)
UVB- Reaches the top layer of the skin, cause of tanning and sunburn
The 5 sun protection strategies?
SLIP SLOP SLAP SEEK SLIDE
What are the chemical and physical barriers sunscreens provide?
Chemical: Absorbs part or all of UV rays (Aminobenzoates, camphor derivatives, cinnamates)
Physical: Reflects or scatters part or all of UV rays away from the skin (Zinc oxide)
What is Sun protection factor (SPF)?
Grades the ability of a sunscreen to filter UV
Ratio of UV radiation dose required to produce minimum erythema on skin thats has been protected to unprotected skin under same conditions
SPF30 = 30 times as much UVB needed to produce minimal erythema on skin protected by product compared to unprotected skin
What is a broad spectrum sunscreen?
Filter UVB and UVA
