Acne/ Sun Protection

Question 1

Acne Cosmetica:

Answer 1

noninflammatory comedones on the face, chin, and cheek caused by occlusion of the pilosebaceous unit by oil-based cosmetics, moisturizers pomades, or other health and beauty products.

Question 2

Acne Excoriee (excoriated):

Answer 2

A form of acne caused by constant picking, squeezing, or scratching at the skin, which caused the acne to look worse

Question 3

Acne mechanica:

Answer 3

local irritation or friction from occlusive clothing, headbands, helmets, or other friction-producing devices

Question 4

Chloracne:

Answer 4

An acneiform eruption caused by exposure to chlorine compounds

Question 5

Drug-induced Acne:

Answer 5

More common: anabolic steroids, bromides, corticosteroids, corticotrophin, isoniazid, lithium, phenytoin
Less common: azathioprine, cyclosporine, disulfiram, phenobarbital, quinidine, tetracycline, vitamins B1, B5, B12, and D2

Question 6

Hormone-induced Acne:

Answer 6

Hormonal alterations, specifically increased androgen levels induced by medical conditions, pregnancy or medications

Question 7

Hydration-induced Acne:

Answer 7

hydration-induced in size of pilosebaceous duct orifice and prevention of loosening of comedone caused by high-humidity environments and prolonged sweating.

Question 8

Occupational Acne:

Answer 8

exposure to dirt, vaporized cooking oils, or certain industrial chemicals, such as cool tar and petroleum derivatives

Question 9

Stress and Extreme emotion – induced Acne:

Answer 9

May induce expression of neuroendocrine modulators and release of CRH, which play a role in centrally and topically induced stress of the sebaceous glands and possible progression of acne

Question 10

Mild:

Answer 10

few erythematous papules and occasional pustules and occasional pustules mixed w/comedones

Question 11

Moderate:

Answer 11

Many erythematous papules and pustules and prominent scarring

Question 12

Severe

Answer 12

Extensive pustules erythematous papules, and multiple nodules in an inflamed background

Question 13

acne non-pharm

Answer 13

• Eliminate the factor
• Cleanse skin with mild soap or non-soap cleanser BID
• DON’T use abrasive products
• Remove makeup and traces of dirt
• Dietary changes: cutting back on foods with high glycemic index to see if changes occur.

Question 14

acne pharm

Answer 14

• Adapalene
• Benzoyl Peroxide (BP):
• Hydroxy Acids:
• Sulfur
• Sulfur/Resorcinol:

Question 15

-Adapalene

Answer 15

FIRST LINE TOPICAL DRUG.
Adverse effects: redness, scaling, dryness, itching, and burning (diminishes after a month of therapy)

Apparent therapy after 8-12 weeks of treatment.
If symptoms worsen or fail to improve in 3 months, talk to PCP.
If allergic, pregnant or trying to become pregnant, discontinue therapy.

Question 16

Benzoyl Peroxide (BP):

Answer 16

Most common topical acne product. MOA: kills bacteria by introducing oxygen into the environment.
Results seen in 5 days – 3 weeks.
Recommended for mild acne in adults and pediatric populations (preadolescents and adolescents).

Question 17

-Hydroxy Acids:

Answer 17

usually used when patients can’t tolerate other topical properties and are moderately effective. Considered less potent.

• Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)
• Beta hydroxy acid (BHA)

helps correct scarring and hyperpigmentation

• Duration is every 15 days for 4-6 months.

BHA, or salicylic acid, provides milder, less effective alternative to prescription agents.

Question 18

-Sulfur

Answer 18

effective in resolving comedones.

Adverse Effects: noticeable odor and dry skin.

Question 19

-Sulfur/Resorcinol

Answer 19

antibacterial, antifungal, and keratolytic effects.