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Clinical Medicine: Dermatology > Acne Rosacea and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Acne Rosacea and Related Disorders Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Papular or pustular eruption that is located on the face, chest, and back with variable severity.

A

Acne vulgaris

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2
Q

What are the causes of acne?

A

Excess oil production
Plugged hair follicle
Skin and sebum collection
inflammation
bacterial infection
pimple

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3
Q

Oil + air = ?
(closed comedones)

A

Blackhead (dark plug)

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4
Q

Oil + skin covering = ?
(open comedones)

A

Whitehead

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5
Q

A type of acne with papules, pustules, and cysts

A

Inflammatory acne

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6
Q

A type of acne with open comedones (whiteheads) or closed comedones (blackheads)

A

Non-inflammatory acne

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7
Q

An inflammatory acne lesion that is less than 5mm. Appear red and have no material that can be extracted

A

Papules

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8
Q

An inflammatory acne lesion that have a visible central core of purulent material

A

Pustules

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9
Q

An inflammatory acne lesion that is greater than 5mm. Can be suppurative (with pus-cysts) or hemorrhagic

A

Nodules

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10
Q

What are the primary treatments for Acne?

A

Retinoids
Benzoyl Peroxide
Antibiotics:
Oral - doxycycline
Topical - Clindamycin (maybe erythromycin)

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11
Q

What should you always use when giving antibiotics for acne in order to reduce drug resistance?

A

Benzoyl Peroxide

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12
Q

What are some secondary treatments for acne?

A

Salicylic acid
Azelaic acid
Sulfur washes
Oral Contraceptives
Spironolactone (adult women)

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13
Q

What is the primary treatment for cystic acne?

A

Isotretinoin

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14
Q

Adverse affects of isotretinoin and some things to consider

A

Teratogenic (must be prescribed with birth control)
Men should not father children while on it
Possible acne flare

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15
Q

Prescribing isotretinoin

A

20 weeks
Monthly pregnancy test
Monthly labs (Liver Function and WBC)
May cause delayed healing

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16
Q

Treatment for acne in women over 25

A

Spironolactone
Oral Contraceptives
Retinoids

17
Q

Multiple erythmatous grouped small inflammatory papules, papulopustules, or papulovesicles or erythematous scarring around the mouth, nose, or eyes. Clear zone around the vermillion border.

A

Perioral Dermatitis

18
Q

Risk factors for perioral dermatitis

A

History of topical corticosteroid use
25-45 year old women
Fluorinated toothpaste
Oral contraceptive therapy

19
Q

Perioral dermatitis treatment

A

discontinuation of topical corticosteroids
avoid skin irritants
self-limiting

Mild: topical Calcineurin, Metronidazole, or Erythromycin

Extensive or Refractory: oral tetracyclines or erythromycin in children under 8 and pregnant women

20
Q

A chronic acneiform skin condition with a vascular and inflammatory component. Centro-facial erythema and telangectasias. An absence of comedones are and the patient may have a red enlarged nose (rhinophyma).

A

Rosacea

21
Q

Triggers of rosacea

A

alcohol
hot or cold weather
hot drinks
hot baths
spicy foods
sun exposure

22
Q

Ocular erythema and tearing. Patients may state they have red eye lids from rubbing and say their eyes feel gritty and itchy.

A

Ocular Rosacea

23
Q

Rosacea treatment

A

avoid extreme temperatures
use mineral based sunscreen
do NOT apply topical steroids

Mild: topical Metronidazole (gel or cream), Azelaic acid, or Ivermectin. topical Brimonidine for erythema

Moderate-Severe: sub-microbial doxycycline

Telangectasias: laser therapy

24
Q

Painful inflammatory skin disease that affects apocrine sweat gland bearing skin in the axillae, groin, and under the breasts. It is characterized by recurrent boil-like nodules and abscess that culminate in pus-like discharge that is foul smelling.

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa

25
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa risk factors

A

Obesity
Insulin resistance
Smoking
Female (20 to 40 years old)

26
Q

Appearance of hidradenitis suppurativa

A

BLACKHEAD WITH TWO OPENING
boil
sinus tract involvement
deep dermal inflammation
scarring

27
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa treatment

A

Tetracycline or Doxycycline
TNF-a inhibitor (Adalimumab)
Intralesional Corticosteroids

Clinical Medicine: Dermatology (2 decks)

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