ACMT Review

Question 1

Muscle tone is a result of nerve innervation. When the nervous system is overstimulated, the muscle will become ______________, which puts the muscle in a ____________ position.
Eventually, this leads to the formation of a __________________.

Answer 1

Hypertonic, contracted, trigger point.

Question 2

The trigger point leads to______________________, which causes ____________, and then creates a metabolite called _____________________.

Answer 2

Muscle spasm, ischemia, lactic acid.

Question 3

Muscle tone is produced by muscular systems.

True or false?

Answer 3

False.

The nervous system is responsible for muscle tone.

Question 4

Trigger points have unpredictable patterns. True or false?

Answer 4

False. Trigger points have predictable patterns.

Question 5

Trigger point are located either in musculotendinous junction or within the muscle belly. True or false?

Answer 5

False. Triggerpoints are always located within the muscle belly.

Question 6

Triggerpoints create pain that is referred to distant patients within the body. True or false?

Answer 6

True. This is called referral pain.

Question 7

Active trigger points are always painful/only painful when palpated and always have referred pain/only sometimes painful.

Answer 7

Active trigger points are always painful and always have referred pain.

Question 8

Latent triggerpoints are always painful/only painful when palpated and always have referred pain/sometimes have pain.

Answer 8

Latent triggerpoints are only painful when palpated and are only sometimes painful.

Question 9

Massage therapists can promote the healing process by causing small amounts of controlled inflammation. True or false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Massage therapists cannot treat the pain if they cannot eliminate the reasons that cause inflammation.
True or false?

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

When the right quadratus lumborum is too tight, the body will adapt/compensate/decompensate to maintain the balance and a level head posture by creating a functional scoliosis.

Answer 11

Compensate.

Question 12

Nerve entrapment is a mechanical/neurological dysfunction that manifests as pain paresthesia, or both.

Answer 12

Mechanical.

Question 13

Nerve entrapment is caused by problems in the nerve itself.

True or false?

Answer 13

False. Compression on the nerve is caused by tissues other than the nerve being compressed.

Question 14

The small degree of contraction that is present while the muscle is it rest is called _____________.

Answer 14

Muscle tone.

Question 15

What is ischemia?

Answer 15

Ischemia is the lack of blood to an area.

Question 16

What happens when there is no fresh blood to an area?

Answer 16

The system is not flushing metabolites.

Question 17

In the pain triangle, pain makes muscles go into ___________, which causes the muscles to become ___________. It then produces a metabolite called _______________.
Eventually, the build up of the metabolite causes _________.

Answer 17

Spasm, ischemic, lactic acid, pain.

Question 18

Muscle torsion causes muscles to become ischemic.

True or false?

Answer 18

False. Muscle spasm causes ischemia.

Question 19

The lack of essential nutrients in one’s diet can lead to vitamin and mineral deficiencies which can cause hypertonicity/hypotonicity, muscle torsion/muscle spasm, and generalized body pain.

Answer 19

Hypertonicity, muscle spasm.

Question 20

When we are stressed, the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
It makes our muscles become hypertonic/hypotonic.

Answer 20

Sympathetic, hypertonic.

Question 21

How does stress cause muscles to produce lactic acid?

Answer 21

Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which causes muscles to become hypertonic. Hypertonic muscles goes into spasm, which causes muscles to become ischemic, resulting in the buildup of lactic acid, which then results in pain.

Question 22

Relaxation massage can reduce muscle tone and then reduce stress, and vice versa. Why?

Answer 22

Relaxation massage can reduce muscle tone because it decreases action potentials sent to the cerebrum from the muscles. Muscle relaxation relaxes the brain and vice versa.

Question 23

Stretch reflex: agonist muscle contracts/relaxes; antagonist muscle contracts/relaxes.

Answer 23

Agonist muscle contracts; antagonist muscle relaxes.

Question 24

GTO: agonist muscle contracts/relaxes; too much tension is detected at the tendon.

Answer 24

Agonist muscle relaxes; too much tension is detected at the tendon.

Question 25

The primary massage technique that uses the stretch reflex is called stripping. True or false?

Answer 25

False. The primary massage technique that uses the stretch reflex is called stretching.

Question 26

Name the proprioceptive receptor for the stretch reflex, its location, and what it monitors.

Answer 26

Muscle spindles are located in the skeletal muscle belly and monitors stretch of a muscle and its rate of change in length.

Question 27

Name the proprioceptive receptor for GTO’s, their location, and what is monitored.

Answer 27

The gold G tendon organs are located in the musculotendinous this junction; they detect muscle tension.

Question 28

Which two techniques slightly stretch the muscle, stimulate the release of histamine, and bring blood into the muscle?

Answer 28

Stripping and cross fiber massage.

Question 29

Which technique pies deep fast frictions to the muscle and causes an acute inflammatory response?

Answer 29

Cross fiber friction.

Question 30

Which technique stimulates the production of collagen that helps heal the tendon or ligament?

Answer 30

Cross fiber friction.

Question 31

Tissue approximation is primarily used to relax the muscle.

True or false?

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

Which techniques can be used to relax the muscle and are performed first to treat an injured muscle?

Answer 32

Tissue approximation, and origin and insertion work

Question 33

Name the four techniques commonly used to treat triggerpoints.

Answer 33

1) tissue approximation
2) rhythmic pumping
3) compression manipulation
4) dry needling

Question 34

In the lax position, muscle attachments are moved far apart/closer together by moving the next distal limb segment.

Answer 34

In the locks position, the muscle attachments are moved closer together by moving the next distal limb segment.

Question 35

Massaging in the lax position causes the muscle to become soft and pliable. Therefore, in the locks position, the massage therapist can penetrate into deeper muscles. True or false?

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

When we put gastrocnemius in the lax position, we can penetrate into ____________.

Answer 36

Soleus.

Question 37

What is the lax position for the gastrocnemius?

Answer 37

Knee flexion with ankle plantarflexion.

Question 38

What is the lax position for biceps brachii?

Answer 38

Elbow flexion.

Question 39

Describe joint play exercises.

Answer 39

The massage therapist moves or manipulates a joint in a direction that the muscles cannot move.

Question 40

What is the purpose or benefit of joint play exercises?

Answer 40

To mobilize joints, cause muscle relaxation, increase joint mobility by increasing the range of motion of the joint, promote synovial fluid circulation.

Question 41

Reciprocal inhibition occurs when certain muscles are inhibited from contracting due to the activation of the muscle spindles. The muscle spindle is located in the muscle belly/musculotendinous junction, senses its rate of change in tension/length when the muscle contracts or stretches. When this occurs, the muscle spindle is activated and causes a reflexive contraction in the agonist/antagonist muscles and relaxation in agonist/antagonist muscle.

Answer 41

Muscle belly, length, agonist, antagonist.

Question 42

Which sensory receptors are responsible for reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 42

Muscle spindles.

Question 43

What is the activating factor in muscle spindles for reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 43

To monitor its rate of change in length.

Question 44

Which muscle would you contracts to reciprocally inhibit gluteus maximus?

Answer 44

Psoas major

Question 45

When triceps brachii is contracted and symmetrically, which muscle will be reciprocally inhibited?

Answer 45

Biceps brachii.