ACLS Flashcards
What is hypovolemia?
Decrease in the volume of circulating blood.
What are the “H’s and T”s?
Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen Ion (acidosis) Hypo/Hyperkalemia Hypothermia Tension Pneumothorax Tamponade, Cardiac Toxins Thrombosis (pulmonary) Thrombosis (coronary)
What is Hypoxia?
A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body.
What is Hydrogen Ion? (Acidosis)
The accumulation of acid and hydrogen ions or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bicarbonate content) in the blood and body tissues, decreasing the pH.
What is Hypo/Hyperkalemia ?
Abnormally high or low concentration of potassium ions in the blood aka (hypo/hyperpotassemia)
What is hypothermia?
When the body temperature falls below 95 degrees.
What is tension pneumothorax ?
Pneumothorax from a wound in the chest wall which acts as a valve that permits air/blood to enter the plural cavity but prevents its escape. Prevents lung from expanding/take in air.
What is tamponade? (Cardiac)
Accumulation of fluid between the heart and the pericardium, results in excess pressure on the heart. Does not allow the heart to expand as normal which impairs pumping ability.
What is thrombosis (pulmonary)?
A blood clot formed within a blood vessel in the lungs.
What is thrombosis ? (Coronary)
A blood clot formed within a blood vessel in the body.
What drugs do you give for V-Fib/VT w/o a pulse?
Epinephrine-IV/IO 1mg every 3-5 minutes, as many times as needed.
Vasopressin-IV/IO 40 units can replace 1st or 2nd dose of epinephrine, give once then no more.
Amioderone- 1st dose 300mg bolus, 2nd 150mg, then no more.
What drugs can do you use for the Cardiac Arrest/PEA/Asystole algorithm?
Epinephrine- 1mg every 3-5 minutes, as many times as needed.
Vasopressin- 40 units can replace 1st or 2nd dose of epinephrine, give once then no more.
Amioderone- 1st dose 300mg bolus, 2nd 150mg, then no more.
What drugs do you use for the Immediate Post Cardiac Arrest Care algorhythim ?
IV fluids- 1-2 liter
Epinephrine- .1-.5 mcg per kilogram per minute (in 70kg adult: 7-35mcg/minute
Dopamine IV-5-10mcg/kg per minute
Norepinephrine IV- .1-.5 mcg per kilogram per minute (in 70kg adult: 7-35mcg/minute
What drugs do you use in the “Adult Bradycardia w/ pulse” algorhythim ?
Atropine IV- 1st dose .5mg bolus, repeat every 3-5 mins for a maximum of 3mg (max 6 doses).
Dopamine IV- 2-10mcg/kg per minute
Epinephrine IV- 2-10mcg/ minute
What drugs do you use in the “Adult Tachycardia w/ pulse” algorhythim ?
Adenosine IV- 6mg rapid push, followed by NS flush. 2nd dose of 12mg if needed.
Procainamide IV- 20-50mg until arrhythmia suppressed, hypotension ensues, QRS duration increases >50% or max dose of 17mg/kg is reached. Maintenance infusion 1-4mg/minute.
Avoid if prolonged QT or CHF
Amioderone IV- 1st dose 150mg over 10 minutes. Repeat as needed if VT recurs. Follow with maintenance infusion of 1mg/minute for 1st 6 hours.
Sotalol IV- 100mg (1.5mg/kg) over 5 mins. Avoid if prolonged QT.
