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ACLS > ACLS > Flashcards

ACLS Flashcards

1
Q

What are non-shockable rhythms?

A
  • PEA
  • Asystole
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2
Q

If your patient is in a non-shockable rhythm when do you administer adrenaline?

A

Straight away and then every second loop

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3
Q

What are the two shockable rhythms that present with cardiac arrest?

A
  1. VF
  2. VT
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4
Q

How does adrenaline help in cardiac arrest?

A

Helps maintain diastolic BP and hence coronary blood flow

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5
Q

How much energy should you use for a shock?

A

200 J

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6
Q

What is the chain of survival?

A
  • Early recognition and call for help
  • Early CPR
  • Early Defibrillation
  • Post resucitation care
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7
Q

What is involved in post-resusitation care?

A
  • Re-evaluating ABCDE (disability, exposure)
  • 12 lead ECG
  • Treating precipitating causes
  • Re-evaluating oxygenation and ventilation
  • Use of targeted temperature management
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8
Q

What should the depth of chest compressions be?

A

One-third AP diameter

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9
Q

How should you treat choking?

A
  • Encourage coughing if they are already coughing
  • If not coughing but responsive 5 back blows then 5 chest thrusts
  • If unresponsive CPR
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10
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for anaphylaxis?

A

0.5mg IM

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11
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for a child with anaphylaxis?

A

10mcg/kg (0.01mL/kg of 1:1000)

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12
Q

What does the ISBAR tool stand for?

A
  • Identify yourself
  • Situation
  • Background
  • Assessment
  • Response
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13
Q

What is a recap tool that can be used?

A
  • Stop
  • Notify the team of the situation
  • Assess
  • Plan
  • Prioritise
  • Invite idease
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14
Q

What does the acronym PACER stand for?

A

Probe

Alert

Challenge

Emergency

React

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15
Q

What are the 4 H’s and T’s?

A

Hypoxia

Hypovolaemia

Hypothermia

Hypokalamia

Tension pneumothorax

Toxins

Thrombosis

Tamponade

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16
Q

During CPR what else should we be doing?

A
  • Airway adjuncts
  • Oxygen
  • Waveform capnography
  • IV/IO access
  • Plan actions before interrupting compressions
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17
Q

If you are breathing for somone how many breaths per minute should you be doing?

A

6-10 a minute

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18
Q

When should amiodarone be given

A

Shockable rythm

Third defibrillation attempt

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19
Q

What should your target temperature be in post-resusitation care?

A

32-36 degrees

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20
Q

How many joules should you be shocking a child with?

A

4J/kg

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21
Q

How much amiodarone should you give a child?

A

5mg/kg

22
Q

What % of oxygen should be used for those in cardiac arrest?

A

100%

23
Q

What is the normal ETC02?

A

35-45mmHg

24
Q

If the ETC02 is <10mmHg what does this imply?

A

The resuscitation is ineffective

25
Q

When is amiodarone used in cardiac arrest?

A
  • Refractory VF/VT
  • When 3 loops of CPR followed by a shock have failed to restore a rhythm
26
Q

What drug can be used instead of amiodarone?

A

Lignocaine 1mg/kg

27
Q

What is the adult dose of amiodarone?

A

300mg IV

28
Q

When should calcium be administered in a cardiac arrest?

A
  • hyperkalaemia
  • Hypermagnesaemia
  • Calcium channel blocker overdose
  • Profound hypocalcaemia (ie following massive blood transfusion)
29
Q

What is the major acid base abnormality in cardiac arrest?

A

Respiratory acidosis

30
Q

How can rewarming of an individual be most rapidly acheived?

A

cardiopulmonary bypass

31
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

sensitivity of skeletal muscles to volatile anaesthetics and suxamethonium.

32
Q

How do you treat malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene 2-5mg/kg

33
Q

How can you treat hyperkalaemia?

A
  • Calcium gluconate
  • Insulin
  • Salbutamol
  • Bicarbonate
34
Q

What are the classic signs of a tension pneumothorax?

A
  • deviation of trachea away from tension
  • Hyper-expanded chst
  • Increased percussion note
35
Q

How do you treat tension pneumothorax?

A

14G cannula into the second rib space mid-clavicular line

36
Q

What is Beck’s triad?

A
  • 3 clinical signs associated with cardiac tamponade:
    • Hypotension
    • Jugular vein distension
    • Absent or distant heart sounds
37
Q

What drug can you give in local anaesthetic toxicity?

A

Intralipid

38
Q

What drug can you give in an opiate overdose?

A

Naloxone

39
Q

What drug can you give in a panadol overdose?

A

N-acetyl cysteine

40
Q

What are the priorities in the management of acute hypoxic brain injury?

A
  • airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulatory control
  • Temperature management
41
Q

What happens with hypercapnia? (PCO2 >45mmhg)

A

Cerebral vasodilation

42
Q

In post resusitation care what is targeted temperature management?

A

32-36 degrees

43
Q

What are the 3 key abnormalities of asthma?

A
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Airway inflammation
  • Mucous plugging
44
Q

What clinical features in an asthmatic make you suspect a near fatal asthma attack?

A
  • PEF <33%
  • 02 <92%
  • Normal C02
  • SIlent chest
  • Cyanosis
  • Bradycardia
  • Arrhythmia
  • Exhaustion
  • Confusion
45
Q

What management should you give to an asthmatic?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Salbutamol nebulised 5mg every 15 mins
  • Hydrocortisone 200mg IV
  • Nebulised anticholinergic ie ipratropium bronide 0.5mg q4-6h
  • Magnesium sulphate 2g over 20 minutes
  • IV salbutamol
46
Q

When should peri-mortem caesarean be considered?

A

4 minutes of onset of cardiac arrest if ROSC has not returned

47
Q

What is the survival rate of cardiac arrest in the OT?

A

30%

48
Q

what are the two most important preventable causes of death following trauma?

A
  1. airway obstruction
  2. Blood loss
49
Q

What is the sequence for trauma care?

A
  1. Primary survery
  2. Resuscitation
  3. Adjuncts to primary survery
  4. Secondary survey
  5. Definitive care
50
Q

What are the priorities of the primary survey?

A
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Disability (neurological status)
  • Exposure (undress)
51
Q

Should you be using c-spine collars in a pre-hospital setting?

A

No

ACLS (2 decks)

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