Ackland anatomy Flashcards
What 2 ligaments join the clavicle to the coracoid process?
Trapezoid ligament
Conoid ligament
What are the motions of the scapula?
Protraction and retraction
Elevation and depression
Upward and downward rotation
Where does the long head of triceps arise?
Infraglenoid tubercle
Where does the long head of biceps arise?
Supraglenoid tubercle
What are the tendons which run deep to everything else in shoulder and upper arm?
Long head of biceps, long head of triceps
Where does subscapularis insert?
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Where does teres major go and what does it do?
From lower lateral border of scapula to posterior lip of bicipital groove - adducts humerus
What does coracobrachialis go and what does it do?
Coracoid to humerus
Flexes shoulder
Where does serratus anterior arise and where does it insert?
From side/front of first 8 ribs to medial border of scapula
Protrudes scapula in unison
Or rotates up/downwards if top/bottom half go
Where does levator scapulae go from and to and what does it do?
Outer part of C1-3
Inserts on upper medial part of scapula
Elevates scapula
Where do the rhomboids minor and major go from and to and what do they do?
C4-T5 spinous processes
To medial border of scapula
Elevate and retract scapula
Where does upper part trapezius go from and to?
Occiput, nuchal ligament and T1-T3 spinous processes
To spine of scapula, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Elevates scapula
Where does lower part trapezius go from and to?
T4-T12 spinous processes
To lower spine of scapula
What does trapezius do?
Retracts scapula (all) Elevates (upper part)
Where does pec minor go from and to? What does it do?
2-4th rib to coracoid process
Depresses scapula
Where does the omohyoid go from and to? What does it do?
Hyoid bone to spine of scapula
Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
Which 2 large muscles insert on the anterior and posterior lip of the bicipital groove of humeurs?
Anterior = pec major Posterior = latissimus dorsi
Structures running between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?
Barachial plexus nerve roots
Subclavian artery
Which vein runs in the groove between deltoid and pec major? Where does it go?
Cephalic vein - runs under pec major
Joins subclavian vein (which runs under pec minor
What forms the brachiocephalic vein?
Subclavian vein and IJV
What forms the SVC?
Joining of the 2 brachiocephalic veins
Subclavian vein runs under which muscle? Where does it then go between as it goes medially?
Pec minor
Then runs over first rib and subclavius, below clavicle,
What are the landmarks for subclavian/axillary/brachial artery?
Up until clavicle
From exiting clavicle to going under pec minor
From exiting pec minor
5 bracnches of subclavian artery before it becomes axillary?
Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular
Where do the medial and lateral pectoral nerves come from?
Medial and lateral cords respectively of BP
2 nerves arising directly from the lateral cord of bracial pleuxs?
Lateral pectoral
Musculocutaneous nerve
2 nerves arising from posterior cord of brcahial pleuxs?
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Upper and lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal nerve
Lateral cord of BP comes from what?
Anterior divisions of the upper 2 trunks
What does the lateral cord of the brachial plexus divide into?
Musculocutaneous and half of median
What oes the medial cord of the brachial plexus divide into?
Ulnar nerve and half of median
Medial cord of BP comes from what?
Anterior division of inferior trunk
Posterior cord of BP comes from what?
Posterior divisions of sup, middle and inferior trunks
Musculocutaneous nerve innervates what?
Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Brachialis
What do the cords surround in the BP?
Axillary artery
Where do the upper and lower subscapular nerves come from and what to they innervate?
Posterior cord of BP
Inervate subscapularis and teres major
Where does the thoracodorsal nerve and what does it innervate?
Posterior cord of BP
Lat dorsi
Which nerve arises from the superior trunk of the BP? Muscle?
Suprascapular nerve - supra and infraspinatus
Which nerve of BP arises directly from C5 root? Muscle?
Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid muscles
Which nerve arises from C5-7 roots and where does it go?
Long thoracic
Comes through middle scalene, runs deep to the trunks and
Innervates serratus anterior
Innervation of levator scapulae?
C3-5 roots
What are the 2 parts of the articular surface of the humerus?
Trochlea - ulna
Capitulum - radius
Which bone has the olecranon process on it?
Ulna
Specifically which part of the ulna articulates with the humerus?
Trochlear notch
Which part of the ulna articulates with the radius proximally?
Coranoid process
Where does the brachialis tendon insert?
Ulnar tuberosity, just distal to the coronoid process
Where does the biceps tendon insert?
Radial tuberosity
What are the 2 ligaments of the lateral elbow joint?
Radial collateral and anular ligaments
What is the only movement the radial head can do?
Rotate
Which muscle arises from the radial collateral ligament?
Supinator
Which ligament sits medially in the elbow joint?
Ulnar collateral ligament
What structure holds the distal radioulnar joint together?
Triangluar fibrocartilage
What joints comprise the wrist joint?
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint
What are the 2 collateral ligaments of the wrist?
Radio and ulnar collateral ligaments
What are the dorsal and palmar ligaments of the wrist called?
Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments
What is the deepest flexor of the arm?
Brachialis
Tendon of short head of biceps mixes with which?
Coracobrachialis
What are the 3 heads of triceps?
Long, medial and lateral
Radial nerve runs between which heads?
Medial and lateral heads of triceps
Which small elbow extensor runs from lateral epicondyle to lateral aspect of proximal ulna?
Anconeus
Median nerve runs between which heads?
2 heads of pronator teres - superficial and deep
Where is pronator quadratus?
Distal radius/ulna
What are the 2 pronating muscles?
Pronator teres and quadratus
Deep branch of radial nerves runs through which muscle?
Supinator
Which 2 proximal forearm muscles oppose eachother in terms of supination/pronation
Supinator and pronator teres
3 main wrist flexors?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis - from common flexor tendon on medial epicondle
Also palmaris longus
Ulnar nerve passes between which heads?
Flexor carpi ulnaris at forearm
Where does palmaris longus insert?
Palmar aponeurosis
3 Main extensors of wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What is the medial vein of the forearm?
Basilic vein
Which vein crosses from cephalic to basilic vein?
Antecubital vein
Which vein does the basilic vein join? What is the course of this?
Joins the 2 brachial veins, which unite and then become the axillary vein
Which artery runs with the radial nerve in the arm?
Profunda brachii
What is the relationship between the median nerve and brachial artery down the forearm?
Nerve medial to artery at elbow
Lateral to artery at wrist
Which heads of triceps does the radial nerve run between?
Long and medial proximally
Then lateral and medial
What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?
Deep - motor
Superficial - sensory
Supinator is innervated by what?
Radial nerve
What does the radial nerve innervate in the arm?
Triceps anconeus supinator brachioradialis all 3 wrist extensors - carpi radialis longs brevis and ulnaris
What forms the carpal tunnel?
Pisiform, hook of hamate
Tubercle of scaphoid and crest of trapeizium
Carpal bones
Flexor retinaculum
Which ligament is continous with the palmar plate and keeps the metacarpals from fanning proximally?
Deep transverse metacarpal ligament
