ACJS Final Flashcards
What type of proceeding is at the heart of a criminal trial?
Adversary
What does a criminal trial visibly teach the public?
- Integrity
- Fairness
- Effectiveness of criminal justice process
What is legal guilt?
Government proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
What is factual guilt?
A jury believes defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Who has the burden of proof in criminal trials?
The state
What are the four types of evidence?
- Real
- Testimonial
- Direct
- Circumstantial
To be accepted by the court, evidence must be:
- Relevant
- Material
- Competent
Define Self Defense and give an example:
A person uses reasonable and necessary force to defend themselves against threat of immediate violence from an other. i.e.: you are attacked by person with wrench and you use a baseball bat to defend yourself
Sentencing is what type of process?
Judge imposes punishment upon people convicted of crimes
What two techniques or processes of affecting behavior?
- Reward
2. Punishment
5 uses of punishment to deal with violators of norms (rationale for punishment)
- Retribution
- Deterrence
- Incapacitation
- Rehabilitation
- Reintegration
The three major reasons that traditional sentencing disparities exist:
- Structure of indeterminate sentencing
- Judges have discretionary power
- Plea bargaining
Support of the death penalty since the 1960’s has:
Risen
The most significant argument against capital punishment is that it is:
Discriminatory
What is a jail?
Where pre-trial detainees are held. Run by local government
What is a prison?
Where convicted felons are held. Run by the state
Suicide in jail is what type of concern?
Of great concern
Three types of existing treatment programs for convicted jail inmates:
- Substance abuse
- Educational
- Religious
Jail security is given priority over:
Rehabilitation
8 common security techniques and procedures of the incarcerated used throughout the nation
- Counts
- Shakedowns
- Frisks
- Tool County
- key County
- Cutlery Control
- Narcotics Control
- Visitation Control
New maximum security prisons are called
maxi maxi prisons or super maxes
The most urgent problem facing criminal justice today is
Overcrowded prisons
3 approaches to relieving prison overcrowding:
- Provide more capacity
- Divert to other sentences (front door)
- Shorten time served
The 2 most significant criteria amongst prison gang members is:
- Ethnicity
2. Geography
The 2 most often used alternatives to imprisonment:
- Probation
2. Parole
Electronic monitoring is:
House arrest with an electronic device that transmits information to a monitoring agency
What are the 2 different patterns juvenile delinquency takes?
- Offenses that would be considered crimes if committed by an adult
- Status offenses - violations of statutes that apply exclusively to juveniles
Define General Deterrence, explain function in the criminal process and provide an example:
Punishment theory to dissuade would be offenders by threat of incarceration. Purpose is to use severe punishment as an example to general public. i.e. mandatory license revocation for DUI
Define Specific Deterrence, explain function in the criminal process and provide an example:
Punishment theory to dissuade convicted offenders from future acts. Punishment is used to curtail future acts that are not in their best interest. i.e. CA three strikes
