ACJS Final

Question 1

What type of proceeding is at the heart of a criminal trial?

Answer 1

Adversary

Question 2

What does a criminal trial visibly teach the public?

Answer 2

1. Integrity
2. Fairness
3. Effectiveness of criminal justice process

Question 3

What is legal guilt?

Answer 3

Government proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 4

What is factual guilt?

Answer 4

A jury believes defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 5

Who has the burden of proof in criminal trials?

Answer 5

The state

Question 6

What are the four types of evidence?

Answer 6

1. Real
2. Testimonial
3. Direct
4. Circumstantial

Question 7

To be accepted by the court, evidence must be:

Answer 7

1. Relevant
2. Material
3. Competent

Question 8

Define Self Defense and give an example:

Answer 8

A person uses reasonable and necessary force to defend themselves against threat of immediate violence from an other. i.e.: you are attacked by person with wrench and you use a baseball bat to defend yourself

Question 9

Sentencing is what type of process?

Answer 9

Judge imposes punishment upon people convicted of crimes

Question 10

What two techniques or processes of affecting behavior?

Answer 10

1. Reward

2. Punishment

Question 11

5 uses of punishment to deal with violators of norms (rationale for punishment)

Answer 11

1. Retribution
2. Deterrence
3. Incapacitation
4. Rehabilitation
5. Reintegration

Question 12

The three major reasons that traditional sentencing disparities exist:

Answer 12

1. Structure of indeterminate sentencing
2. Judges have discretionary power
3. Plea bargaining

Question 13

Support of the death penalty since the 1960’s has:

Answer 13

Risen

Question 14

The most significant argument against capital punishment is that it is:

Answer 14

Discriminatory

Question 15

What is a jail?

Answer 15

Where pre-trial detainees are held. Run by local government

Question 16

What is a prison?

Answer 16

Where convicted felons are held. Run by the state

Question 17

Suicide in jail is what type of concern?

Answer 17

Of great concern

Question 18

Three types of existing treatment programs for convicted jail inmates:

Answer 18

1. Substance abuse
2. Educational
3. Religious

Question 19

Jail security is given priority over:

Answer 19

Rehabilitation

Question 20

8 common security techniques and procedures of the incarcerated used throughout the nation

Answer 20

1. Counts
2. Shakedowns
3. Frisks
4. Tool County
5. key County
6. Cutlery Control
7. Narcotics Control
8. Visitation Control

Question 21

New maximum security prisons are called

Answer 21

maxi maxi prisons or super maxes

Question 22

The most urgent problem facing criminal justice today is

Answer 22

Overcrowded prisons

Question 23

3 approaches to relieving prison overcrowding:

Answer 23

1. Provide more capacity
2. Divert to other sentences (front door)
3. Shorten time served

Question 24

The 2 most significant criteria amongst prison gang members is:

Answer 24

1. Ethnicity

2. Geography

Question 25

The 2 most often used alternatives to imprisonment:

Answer 25

1. Probation

2. Parole

Question 26

Electronic monitoring is:

Answer 26

House arrest with an electronic device that transmits information to a monitoring agency

Question 27

What are the 2 different patterns juvenile delinquency takes?

Answer 27

1. Offenses that would be considered crimes if committed by an adult
2. Status offenses - violations of statutes that apply exclusively to juveniles

Question 28

Define General Deterrence, explain function in the criminal process and provide an example:

Answer 28

Punishment theory to dissuade would be offenders by threat of incarceration. Purpose is to use severe punishment as an example to general public. i.e. mandatory license revocation for DUI

Question 29

Define Specific Deterrence, explain function in the criminal process and provide an example:

Answer 29

Punishment theory to dissuade convicted offenders from future acts. Punishment is used to curtail future acts that are not in their best interest. i.e. CA three strikes