What type of proceeding is at the heart of a criminal trial?
Adversary
What does a criminal trial visibly teach the public?
- Integrity
- Fairness
- Effectiveness of criminal justice process
What is legal guilt?
Government proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
What is factual guilt?
A jury believes defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Who has the burden of proof in criminal trials?
The state
What are the four types of evidence?
- Real
- Testimonial
- Direct
- Circumstantial
To be accepted by the court, evidence must be:
- Relevant
- Material
- Competent
Define Self Defense and give an example:
A person uses reasonable and necessary force to defend themselves against threat of immediate violence from an other. i.e.: you are attacked by person with wrench and you use a baseball bat to defend yourself
Sentencing is what type of process?
Judge imposes punishment upon people convicted of crimes
What two techniques or processes of affecting behavior?
- Reward
2. Punishment
5 uses of punishment to deal with violators of norms (rationale for punishment)
- Retribution
- Deterrence
- Incapacitation
- Rehabilitation
- Reintegration
The three major reasons that traditional sentencing disparities exist:
- Structure of indeterminate sentencing
- Judges have discretionary power
- Plea bargaining
Support of the death penalty since the 1960’s has:
Risen
The most significant argument against capital punishment is that it is:
Discriminatory
What is a jail?
Where pre-trial detainees are held. Run by local government
What is a prison?
Where convicted felons are held. Run by the state
Suicide in jail is what type of concern?
Of great concern
Three types of existing treatment programs for convicted jail inmates:
- Substance abuse
- Educational
- Religious
Jail security is given priority over:
Rehabilitation
8 common security techniques and procedures of the incarcerated used throughout the nation
- Counts
- Shakedowns
- Frisks
- Tool County
- key County
- Cutlery Control
- Narcotics Control
- Visitation Control
New maximum security prisons are called
maxi maxi prisons or super maxes
The most urgent problem facing criminal justice today is
Overcrowded prisons
3 approaches to relieving prison overcrowding:
- Provide more capacity
- Divert to other sentences (front door)
- Shorten time served
The 2 most significant criteria amongst prison gang members is:
- Ethnicity
2. Geography
