Acientific Revoloution And Enlightemnemt

Question 1

Hobbes

Answer 1

Political philosopher who justified wide ranging government powers on the basis of the self interested consent of citizens

Question 2

Copernicus

Answer 2

A monk who observed the movement of the sun to come up with the theory that the earth rotates around (heliocentrism). Used mathematical data to prove

Question 3

Descartes

Answer 3

Developed analytical geometry. Believed scientists needed to use new assumptions but believed you needed math and logic

Question 4

Locke

Answer 4

Theory of divine right of kings, all people are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property and that rulers who failed to protect those right may be removed by the force of people if necessary

Question 5

Galileo

Answer 5

Built the telescope allowed to the the planets closely, used to study the heavens

Question 6

Einstein

Answer 6

Came up with the theory of relativity, thought the universe was static but changed his mind when he heard about the big bang

Question 7

Montesquieu

Answer 7

French judge that was in favour of a constitutional system of government and the separation of powers, the ending of slavery, the preservation of civil libraries, and the law

Question 8

Kepler

Answer 8

Student of Yuchi Brahe. Discovered the planets use elliptical orbits to travel around the sub

Question 9

Bacon

Answer 9

English politician and writer who has interest in science. Attacked medival scholars, relied to much in conclusions of Aristotle

Question 10

Voltaire

Answer 10

French writer and philosopher who advocated for freedom of religion, freedom of expression and separation of church and state

Question 11

Newton

Answer 11

Studied mathematics and physics at Cambridge university made discovery that all physical objects were affected equally by the same force

Question 12

Rousseau

Answer 12

Claimed everyone was born free and equal

Question 13

Enlightenment

Answer 13

Movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith

Question 14

Heliocentrism

Answer 14

The earth rotated around the sun

Question 15

Telescope

Answer 15

Allowed us to study the planets closely

Question 16

Reason

Answer 16

Have support and logic

Question 17

Absolute monarchy

Answer 17

System of government where a single ruler rules by some inherent authority or sovereignty over the state and government

Question 18

Enlightened despot

Answer 18

Ruler with absolute power who embraces enlightenment ideals, such as the rights and liberties of individuals, and choose to use their absolute power to better the lives of average citizens

Question 19

Social contract

Answer 19

The obligation to obey civil government under the social contract was conditional upon the protection of the natural rights of each person including the right to private property

Question 20

Scientific revolution

Answer 20

In the mid 1500s scientists began to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based off of experiments

Question 21

Geocentric

Answer 21

The earth was the Center of the universe

Question 22

Scientific method

Answer 22

Used observation and questioning to test hypothesis

Question 23

Philosophers

Answer 23

A person who offers views or theory’s in profound questions in ethics

Question 24

Anarchy

Answer 24

Denial of any authority or established order

Question 25

Liberty

Answer 25

Freedom, religion, freedom of the press, and freedom from unreasonable government

Question 26

3 branches of govt

Answer 26

Montesquieu created separation of powers and divided government into legislative and judicial

Question 27

Blank slate

Answer 27

Human mind at birth is a blank slate and all knowledge is learned through human experience

Question 28

Paradigm

Answer 28

Main world view, shift from the earth being the centre of the universe

Question 29

Roman inquisition

Answer 29

Church was against scientific discoveries and they often went against the bible and the church’s beliefs

Question 30

Empiricism

Answer 30

All learning only comes from experience and observation

Question 31

Laws of gravity

Answer 31

All physical objects were effected equally by the same force

Question 32

Tyranny

Answer 32

Does whatever they want, abuses power. A government in which all power is in the hands of a single ruler rules

Question 33

Democracy

Answer 33

A state of government that laws, policies and leadership are decided by the people

Question 34

Natural law

Answer 34

All humans are entitled to certain rights that are called natural rights which are life liberty and property

Question 35

Balance of power

Answer 35

Balanced distribution of power between executive, legislative and judicial authorities

Question 36

What are some medical advancements that occurred during the scientific revolution?

Answer 36

The small pox vaccine was created, they began to dissect dead bodies, the microscope

Question 37

What is the main difference between the views of Locke and Hobbes

Answer 37

Hobbes believed one person or group of people shouldn’t have absolute power where Locke believed there should be more that one leader to prevent one person from having absolute power

Question 38

Why are bacon and Descartes contributions in creating the scientific method significant?

Answer 38

Bacon urged for scientists to experiment observe the world and gather info this was called the experimental method (expriasm). Descartes relied on analytics and geometry this encouraged scientists to question and test hypothesis

Question 39

What lasting impact is there from the scientific revolution in the modern world?

Answer 39

Thought people is an experimentation method and mathematical method. Created the steps of the scientific things we use today and question, hypothesis, experiment, analyze

Question 40

Why didn’t Copernicus publish his work for over 25 years?

Answer 40

He thought his opinions would be controversial and he was afraid the church would not have accepted them and he would be killed?