Acids Salts And Bases

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions as the only positively charged Ions in aqueous solution

Question 2

What is a base

Answer 2

A base is an oxide or hydroxide of a metal including ammonium hydroxide

Question 3

What is an alkali

Answer 3

Alkalis are soluble bases that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution as the only negatively charged ions

Question 4

Types of acids

Answer 4

Weak acids
Strong acids

Question 5

List examples of strong and weak acids

Answer 5

Strong acids
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid

Weak acids
Citric acid
Nitrate acid

Question 6

Demonstrate the characteristic properties of acids

Answer 6

 Acids have a sour taste
 Acids are corrosive (strong acids are dangerous and can burn the skin).
 Acids turn dump blue litmus paper red.

Question 7

Demonstrate the characteristic properties of bases.

Answer 7

 Have a bitter taste
 Have a soapy or slippery feel
 Are corrosive
 Are neutralized by acids

Question 8

Describe a salt

Answer 8

A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ions of an acid are fully or partially replaced by a metal or ammonium ions

Question 9

Types of salts;

Answer 9

 Acid salt
 basic salt
 Normal salts. 40

Question 10

State the effect of acids on indicators;

Answer 10

 blue litmus paper turns red
 methyl orange change red
 Bromethymol blue change yellow  Phenolphthalein change colourles

Question 11

Illustrate the importance of acid- base reactions Importance of acid- base reactions

Answer 11

Used in controlling the acidity in the soil –

The quality of a crop depends on the quality of the soil. Acidity in soils comes from the build-up of H+ in the soil solution. For example, acid comes from:  air pollution that mixes with water vapour and eventually comes back down to earth in the form of rain (in particular, acidic gases from mines and other industrial activities)

 Treatment of indigestion – some cells in your stomach produce an acid to help with the digestion of food, while others produce a base to neutralize the acid. Sometimes there is too much acid in the stomach. This acid travels up the esophagus (food pipe) causing heartburn. The symptoms of heartburn can be relieved by taking antacids (bases or basic salts). Baking soda can also be used to neutralize the excess acid in the stomach.

 Brushing teeth with toothpaste – Tooth decay is usually caused by the bacteria in our mouths which converts sugars into lactic acid. It is the build-up of this acid that dissolves the enamel, or outer surface of our teeth. Toothpaste contains sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), which removes stains, provides the foaming action and neutralizes acids.

Question 12

State the uses of acids and bases.

Answer 12

 Used in control of PH in agriculture,
 making of soap,
 in car batteries

Question 13

Solubility rules

Answer 13

*All nitrates are soluble
*Carbonates of sodium, potassium, ammonium ar e soluble (all Carbonates Group I elements) Most sulphate are soluble
*Most chloride are soluble
*Hydroxid es and oxides of alkali metals and ammonium
*All salts of alkali metals and ammonium

Question 14

Insoluble salts

Answer 14

All other Carbonates are insoluble.

ammonium ar e soluble (all Carbonates Group I elements)

Most sulphate are soluble Lead (II)sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate

Most chlorides are soluble Silver chloride, lead (II) chloride, mercury (I) chloride Hydroxid es and oxides of alkali metals and ammonium

All other oxides and hydroxides are insoluble