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GCSE Chemistry > Acids + Electrolysis > Flashcards

Acids + Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What ions make aqueous solutions acidic?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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2
Q

Which ions make aqueous solutions alkaline?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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3
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The pH scale ranges from pH 0 to pH 14 and measured the acidity and alkalinity of a solution

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4
Q

What can be used to measure pH

A

Universal indicator

ph Probe

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5
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acid and alkali and neutral?

A

Acid - colourless
Alkali - Pink
Neutral - colourless

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6
Q

What colour is methyl orange in acid and an alkali and neutral?

A

Acid - red
Alkali - yellow
Neutral - yellow

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7
Q

What colour is blue litmus paper is an acid and alkali?

A

Acid - turns red

Alkali - stays blue

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8
Q

What colour is red litmus paper in acid and alkali

A

Acid - stays red

Alkali - turns blue

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9
Q

Suggest a problem with using universal indicator to test the pH of a solution

A

The colour of the solution is matched to a pH colour chart. This is quite subjective as people may disagree with which colour the solution matches.

It doesn’t provide an exact pH value.

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10
Q

If pH decreased by one unit, what happens to the concentration hydrogen ions concentration

A

H+ conc Increases by a factor of 10

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11
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction? During an acid-alkali neutralisation reaction, what happens?

A

A neutralisation reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base.

In an acid-alkali neutralisation, H+ ions from the acid react with OH- ions from the alkali to form water.

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12
Q

What is ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A
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13
Q

What do the terms concentrated and dilute mean when talking about acid? Is this the same as strong/weak acids?

A

Concentrated acids have more moles of acid per unit volume of water than dilute acids

Strength refers to whether the acid has completely dissociates in water or not.

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14
Q

An acid that only partially dissociates into H+ ions in water …

A

Is a weak acid

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15
Q

A base is..

A

Any substances that reacts with an acid to form salt and water only

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16
Q

Alkalis are..

A

Soluble bases.

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17
Q

Metal + acid —>

A

Salt + hydrogen

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18
Q

Metal oxide + acid

A

Salt + water

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19
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide —>

A

Salt + water

20
Q

Acid + metal carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

Why are metal oxides normally based rather than alkalis?

A

Metal oxide are normally insoluble

Alkalis are soluble

22
Q

Describe chemical test for hydrogen

A

Insert a lit splint into a test tube gas

Hydrogen will burn and a “squeaky pop” will be heard if hydrogen is present.

23
Q

Describe chemical test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble the gas through limewater (calcium hydroxide)

Limewater turns cloudy if carbon dioxide is present

24
Q

When a soluble salt is prepared from an acid and an insoluble reactant, why is excess of the insoluble reactant added?

A

To ensure all the acid reacts

25
Q

When a soluble salt is prepared from an acid an an insoluble reactant, how and why is excess reactant removed?

A

By filtration

It is removed to leave a pure solution of the salt

26
Q

What method must be used to prepare a salt from an acid and a soluble reactant?

A

Titration

27
Q

Describe how to carry out an acid-alkali titration

A
28
Q

What 3 steps are required when producing a pure dry salt from an acid and alkali?

A

Complete a titration to find volume of acid that reacts exactly with a set volume of alkali

Use the results from titration to mix the acid and alkali in the correct proportions.

Evaporate the water from the solution,leaving pure dry salt crystals

29
Q

Most common chlorides are soluble. What are two exceptions?

A

Silver chloride and lead chloride are insoluble.

30
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

31
Q

All common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are..

A

Soluble

32
Q

Most common sulfates are soluble expect ?

A

Lead sulfate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate which are insoluble

33
Q

Most common carbonates and hydroxide are insoluble. What are the three exceptions?

A

The carbonate/hydroxides of sodium, potassium and ammonium are soluble

34
Q

What salt is produced when lead reacts with sulfuric acid? Will a precipitate form?

A

Lead sulfate

A precipitate will form because lead sulfate in insoluble

35
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

An ionic compound in its molten or aqueous state.

Aqueous - dissolved in water

36
Q

Why can an electrolyte carry charge?

A

An ionic compound in is molten or aqueous state has mobile ions which can carry charge.

37
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

A process which uses electricity (direct current) to decompose electrolytes.

38
Q

What is cathode and anode?

A

Cathode - negative electrode anode - positive electrode

39
Q

Where do charged ions in the electrolyte move to during electrolysis?

A

Cations move towards the cathode

Anions move towards the anode

40
Q

What happens at the anode during electrolysis?

A 
The anions (negatively charged ions) lose electrons to form their elements.
Oxidation happens
41
Q

What happens at the cathode during electrolysis?

A

Cations (positively charged ions) gain electrons to form their elements
Reduction happens

42
Q

Name the processes that occur at each electrode during electrolysis?

A

Anode - oxidation

Cathode - reduction

43
Q

What is formed at each electrode in electrolysis?

A

Cathode:metal or hydrogen
Anode: non metal

44
Q

How can you predict whether a metal or hydrogen will form at the cathode?

A

If hydrogen is above the metal in the reactivity series then the metal will form.

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen,then hydrogen will form.

45
Q

What are the half equations at the cathode and anode during electrolysis of copper chloride?

A
46
Q

What is oxidation in terms of electrons

A

Loss of electrons

47
Q

What is reduction in terms of electrons

A

Gain of electrons

GCSE Chemistry (13 decks)

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