Acids & Bases - Test Revision Flashcards
What is an acid?
A substance which donates H+ (protons).
Acids are proton donors.
Acids neutralise bases.
Acids react with metals producing a salt and hysrogen gas.
Acids react with bases to produce a salt and water.
What is a base?
Add in
What is an amphoteric substance?
A substance that can act as an acid or a base.
What colour do acids turn litmus?
What colour do bases turn litmus?
Acids turn litmus red.
Bases turn litmus blue.
How do acids taste?
How do bases taste?
Acids taste sour.
Bases taste bitter.
Acids react with metals to procuce?
React with carbonates to produce?
Acids react with metals to procuce hydrogen gas & a salt
React with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide, a salt & water
Define acids and bases by the Arrhenius Theory.
Acids: a substance that ionizes in water to give H+ ions
Bases: a substance that ionizes in water to give OH-
Define a strong acid.
Define a weak acid.
A strong acid means it will compleatly split up into its ions. (compleatly ionise)
Strong acids and bases use a single arrow. Weak acids and bases use a double arrow.
Weak acid = will only partially split up into its ions.
Define acids and bases by the Bronsten-Lowry Concept.
Acids: proton (hydrogen ion) donors
Bases: proton (hydrogen ion) acceptors
Define a conjugate base.
Define a conjugate acid.
Conjugate base: the remainder of the origional acid, after it donates its hydrogen ion.
Conjugate acid: the particle formed when the origional base gains a hydrogen ion.
Define the pH scale.
The pH scale: is a measure of the acid-base characteristics of a solution.
Higher hydrogen ion concentration = acidic solution = low pH
Lower hydrogen ion concentration = basic solution - high pH
Autoionisation.
Define.
Describe Water. (how does temp affect it)
Ionises by itself.
Water undergoes auto-ionisation (splits up into its ions) .
The process is ENDOTHERMIC. (energy ‘in’)
Energy on left-hand side of equation.
- As temp increases = more H20 breaks up into its ions.
- As temp decreases = more H20 molecules form.
Describe non-metal oxides.
Describe metal oxides.
Non-metal oxides will react with water to produce an acidic compound, which can then ionise to form H+ (aq).
Solid metal oxides will react with water and dissociate (split up into tis ions). The oxide ions will react with the water to produce hydroxide ions which are basic.
What is an amphiprotic substance?
A substance that both donates and accepts protons.
