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IGCSE Chemistry > Acids, Bases, Salt, titration and reactivity series > Flashcards

Acids, Bases, Salt, titration and reactivity series Flashcards

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1
Q

Colour change for Litmus

A

Acid: Red
Alkali: Blue

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2
Q

Colour change for phenolphthalein

A

Acid: Colourless
Alkali: Pink

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3
Q

Colour change for methly Orange

A

Acid: Red
Alkali: yellow

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4
Q

Why is Litmus not suitable for titration indication?

A

It doesn’t have a clear colour change and no clear end point

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5
Q

Colour change for universal indicator

A

Acid: Red/Brown
Neutral: Green
Alkali: Purple

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6
Q

What will form when water is added to acids?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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7
Q

What will form when water is added to alkalis?

A

Negative hydroxide ions (OH-)

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8
Q

What is neutralisation reaction?

A

When acids and alkalis are mixed together producing salts.

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9
Q

Definition of Combination Reaction

A

When two elements combine to form a compound.

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10
Q

Definition of Combustion Reaction

A

a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat

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11
Q

Definition of Displacement Reaction

A

When a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound

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12
Q

Definition of Decomposition Reaction

A

When one reactant breaks down into two or more products

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13
Q

Difference between alkalis and bases

A

Bases are insoluble in water and Alkalis are soluble in water

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14
Q

Definition of Crystallisation

A

Process when crystal forms

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15
Q

Ionic equation for neutralisation:

A

H + OH —-> H2O

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16
Q

Definition of Precipitate

A

A solid that is formed by a chemical reaction involving liquids or gases

17
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

A substance that tends to lose electron or be oxidized

18
Q

What is a oxidising agent?

A

A substance that tends to oxidize other substance.

19
Q

What is a Redox reaction?

A

A reaction that involve the transfer of electrons from one species to another

20
Q

Definition of reductions:

A

Loss of oxygen and gaining electron

21
Q

Definition of oxidation:

A

A substance gains oxygen and loses electrons.

22
Q

Acid + Metal —->

A

Salt + Hydrogen

23
Q

Acid + Alkali —–>

A

Salt + Water

24
Q

Acid + Base (metal oxide) –>

A

Salt + Water

25
Q

Acid + Metal carbonate –>

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

26
Q

Acid + Ammonia –>

A

Ammonium ions

27
Q

How to carry out titration to work out concentration of unknown?

A
  1. Measure 25cm^3 of alkali using a pipette into a conical flask.
  2. Add Phenolphthalein
  3. Add acid to the burette and note starting volume.
  4. Add acid slowly until indicator chages colour.
  5. Record final volume and work out difference
  6. Repeat to get concordant results.
28
Q

Concordant definition

A

Results that differ by 0.2 cm^3 or less

29
Q

Steps to make a soluble salt from an acid and an insoluble base

A
  1. Add powdered insoluble reactant to acid in a beaker, one spatula at a time, stirring to mix. Continue adding powder until it is in excess, so that all the acids has reacted.
  2. Filter the mixture in the beaker to remove the excess solid. The filtrate now contains only the salt and water.
  3. Heat the solution on a evapourating dish over the bunsen burner. Stop heating when small crystals start to form.
  4. Leave the solution cool at room temperature.
  5. Dry it with filter paper.
30
Q

Equation for rusting

A

Iron + Oxygen + Water –> hydrated Iron(II) oxide

31
Q

3 Types of rust prevention

A

Galvanising, Barrier Method, Sacrificial protection

32
Q

How does galvanising protect iron from rusting

A

Coat iron with a layer of Zinc. Zinc is higher in reactivity series so reacts instead of the iron with oxygen.

33
Q

How does Barrier Method prevent iron from rusting

A

Coat iron with paint/grease/oil to stop oxygen and water reaching iron

34
Q

How does sacrificial protection prevent iron from rusting

A

Attach a block of more reactive metal to iron. The more reactive metal is oxidised instead of iron.

35
Q

How does sacrificial protection prevent iron from rusting

A

Attach a block of more reactive metal to iron. The more reactive metal is oxidised instead of iron.

IGCSE Chemistry (4 decks)

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