Acids, Bases, Neutralization, and Chemical Energy Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

pH scale

A

a range of values from 0-14 that expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

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2
Q

acid

A

(pH <7) a substance that taste sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns litmus paper red

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3
Q

base

A

(pH > 7) a substance that taste bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue

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4
Q

ion

A

an atom that has a positive of negative charge

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5
Q

indicator

A

a substance that is used to determine if a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral

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6
Q

neutralization

A

(reaction) - a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base mix, react chemically, and form both a water

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7
Q

salt

A

a solid compound that forms when a metal ion replaces the hydrogen ion of an acid

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8
Q

corrosive

A

the way in which acids react with some metals so as to “ eat away” the metal

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9
Q

Catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently altered by the reaction.

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10
Q

Chemical change

A

a change that results in the formation of new substances.

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11
Q

Decomposition

A

a chemical reaction in which a single substance is broken down into two or more products.

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12
Q

Dissolve

A

to pass into solution. For example, salt or sugar can dissolve into water.

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13
Q

Double replacement

A

a reaction in which two compounds exchange elements or molecules with one another.

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14
Q

Endothermic

A

a process that absorbs heat energy.

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15
Q

Exothermic

A

a process that releases heat energy.

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16
Q

Physical change

A

a change that affects the shape or phase of a substance but does not produce new substances. For example, ice melting into water is a physical change.

17
Q

Single replacement

A

a reaction in which an element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element.

18
Q

Synthesis

A

a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants form a single product. Synthesis reactions are also called “combination” reactions.

19
Q

neutral

A

a solution that is neither an acids nor a base (pH 7 — pure water)