Acids, Bases, Neutralization, and Chemical Energy Key Terms

Question 1

pH scale

Answer 1

a range of values from 0-14 that expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 2

Acid

Answer 2

(pH <7) a substance that taste sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns litmus paper red

Question 3

Base

Answer 3

(pH > 7) a substance that taste bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue

Question 4

Ion

Answer 4

an atom that has a positive of negative charge

Question 5

Indicator

Answer 5

a substance that is used to determine if a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral

Question 6

Neutralization

Answer 6

(reaction) - a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base mix, react chemically, and form both a water and a salt

Question 7

Salt

Answer 7

a solid compound that forms when a metal ion replaces the hydrogen ion of an acid

Question 8

Corrosive

Answer 8

the way in which acids react with some metals so as to “ eat away” the metal

Question 9

Catalyst

Answer 9

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently altered by the reaction.

Question 10

Chemical change

Answer 10

a change that results in the formation of new substances.

Question 11

Decomposition

Answer 11

a chemical reaction in which a single substance is broken down into two or more products.

Question 12

Dissolve

Answer 12

to pass into solution. For example, salt or sugar can dissolve into water.

Question 13

Double replacement

Answer 13

a reaction in which two compounds exchange elements or molecules with one another.

Question 14

Endothermic

Answer 14

a process that absorbs heat energy.

Question 15

Exothermic

Answer 15

a process that releases heat energy.

Question 16

Physical change

Answer 16

a change that affects the shape or phase of a substance but does not produce new substances. For example, ice melting into water is a physical change.

Question 17

Single replacement

Answer 17

a reaction in which an element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element.

Question 18

Synthesis

Answer 18

a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants form a single product. Synthesis reactions are also called “combination” reactions.

Question 19

Neutral

Answer 19

a solution that is neither an acids nor a base (pH 7 — pure water)