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Year 11 Additional Chemistry > Acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

Acids, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What does an indicator do

A

Test the PH of a solution

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2
Q

If it has a PH of O is it an acid or an alkali

A

The strongest alkali

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3
Q

Example of a PH of 1

A

Car Battery acid or stomach acid

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4
Q

Example of a PH of 3

A

Vinegar, lemon juice

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5
Q

Example of a PH of 4

A

Acid rain

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6
Q

Example of a PH of 5

A

Normal rain

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7
Q

Example of a PH of 7

A

Pure water

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8
Q

Example of a PH of 8

A

Washing up liquid

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9
Q

Example of a PH of 9

A

Pancreatic juice

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10
Q

Example of a PH of 11

A

Soap powder

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11
Q

Example of a PH of 12

A

Bleach

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12
Q

Example of a PH of 13/14

A

Caustic acid (drain cleaner)

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13
Q

PH of 0-6 are

A

ACIDS

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14
Q

PH of 7 is

A

NEUTRAL

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15
Q

PH of 8-14

A

ALKALIS

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16
Q

What is an indicator

A

Change the colour depending on the PH

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17
Q

Acids form

A

H+ ions in water

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18
Q

An Alkali is a base that

A

dissolves in water

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19
Q

Alkali forms

A

OH- to make them alkaline

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20
Q

H+ ions make

A

acidic solutions

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21
Q

OH- ions make

A

alkaline

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22
Q

Neutralisation formula

A

acid + base -> salt + water

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23
Q

Neutralisation formula (terms)

A

H+ + OH- -> H20

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24
Q

When an acid neutralizes a base

A

The products are neutral

25
Q

S =

A

Solid

26
Q

L =

A

Liquid

27
Q

G =

A

Gas

28
Q

aq =

A

Dissolved in water

29
Q

Metals react with acids to give

A

salts

30
Q

Acids reacting with metals formula

A

Acid + metals -> salt + hydrogen

31
Q

The more —- the metal the —– the reaction will go

A

Reactive

Faster

32
Q

Copper —-react with dilute acids at all

A

Does NOT

because its less reactive than hydrogen

33
Q

Hydrochloric acid will always produce

A

Chloride salts

34
Q

Sulphuric acid will always produce

A

Sulphate salts

35
Q

Nitric acid always produces

A

Nitrate salts when NEUTRALISED

36
Q

Metals that are less reactive than hydrogen

A

DON’T react with acids

37
Q

Metal OXIDES and metal HYDROXIDES are

A

Bases

38
Q

Some metal oxides and metal hydroxides

A

Dissolve in water

39
Q

Things that dissolve in water are called

A

soluble

40
Q

Metal oxide formula

A

Acid + metal oxide -> salt + water

41
Q

Metal hydroxide formula

A

Acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water

42
Q

Hydrochloric acid and copper oxide =

A

copper chloride + water

43
Q

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide =

A

sodium chloride + water

44
Q

Sulphuric acid and zinc oxide =

A

Zinc sulphate + water

45
Q

Nitric acid and magnesium oxide =

A

Magnesium nitrate + water

46
Q

Nitric acid and potassium hydroxide =

A

Potassium nitrate + water

47
Q

Ammonia can be neutralised with HO3 to make

A

Fertiliser

48
Q

Ammonia dissolves in water to make an

A

Alkaline solution

49
Q

When ammonium reacts with nitric acid you get

A

Ammonium nitrate

50
Q

Why is ammonium a good fertiliser

A

It has nitrogen from two sources, plants need nitrogen proteins

51
Q

Are chlorides, sulphates and nitrates soluble in water

A

Yes

52
Q

Most oxides and hydroxides are

A

Insoluble in water

53
Q

How to make a soluble salt using a metal or insoluble base

A
  • Pick the right acid and a metal
  • Add the metal, metal oxide or hydroxide to the acid
  • It will dissolve
  • Filter out the access metal
  • Evaporate some of the water, leave to crystallise
54
Q

How will you know if the acid has been neutralised (when using a metal or insoluble base)

A

The access solid will sink to the bottom of the flask

55
Q

How will you know if the acid has been neutralised (when using an alkali)

A

When the right amount of alkali has neutralised the acid it will go clear

56
Q

How to make a soluble salt using an alkali

A
  • Add the right amount of alkali
  • Use an indicator to show if the reactions finished
  • Evaporate to crystallise
57
Q

How to make a insoluble salt using precipitation reaction

A
  • Pick two solutions that contain the ions you need (lead nitrate solution need lead chloride)
  • Mix the solution
  • Filter the solution
58
Q

Method of the reaction of bases and an acid

A
  • Pour 25ml into a measuring cylinder
  • Add small amounts of magnesium oxide to acid
  • Filter to remove access magnesium oxide
  • Pour solution into evaporating dish, leave to crystallise

Year 11 Additional Chemistry (5 decks)

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