Acids, Bases And Salts Flashcards
What’s the charge of group 1 metals
+1
What’s the charge of group 2 metals
+2
What’s the charge of group 3 metals
+3
What’s the charge of group 5 non metals
-3
What’s the charge of group 6 non metals
-2
What’s the charge of group 7 non metals
-1
What are solubility rules
All common salt of sodium, potassium and ammonium.
All nitrates
All common chlorides expect silver chloride and lead chloride
All common sulphates expect barium sulphate and calcium sulphate and lead sulphate.
Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonate.
All other common carbonates are insoluble.
What’s an alkali?
They are based that are soluble in water
What can metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia do?
They can act as bases
What are acids in aqueous solutions?
They are a source of hydrogen ions
What are alkalis in aqueous solutions
They are a source of hydroxide ions
What can alkalis do to acids
They can neutralise acids
How do you carry out an acid-alkali titration
Method
• Pipette 25 cm³ of acid into the conical flask.
• Add a few (2-3) drops of indicator.
• Fill the burette with the alkali, note down the starting volume of the burette.
• Place the conical flask underneath the burette and slowly add the alkali to the acid solution.
• When the solution changes color, close the burette and note down the end volume.
• Repeat with the same volumes without putting in the indicator.
How do you carry out Neutralisation?
Add Sulphuric acid into a beaker
• Weigh out Copper Oxide
• Set up the Bunsen burner
• Heat the solution up gently. Don’t let it boil, then remove from the heat and turn off Bunsen.
• Add excess Copper (II) Oxide to the beaker, slowly, stirring
• Set up the filter funnel
• Filter the solution into a evaporating dish
• Use the Bunsen to gently heat and start evaporating the water, once crystals form stop heating.
• Place the filtrate into an evaporating dish and place by the window
How do you carry out Precipitation
To make an insoluble salt we must mix together two solutions, each containing one component of the salt.
• The product of the reaction will then be a soluble salt and an insoluble salt.
• The insoluble salt is filtered off
• Wash the insoluble salt with distilled water
How do you test for Hydrogen
You apply a lighted split to the end of a test tube and if you hear a squeaky pop there is hydrogen.
How do you test for Oxygen?
You use a glowing splint and if the glowing splint relights there’s oxygen
What do you test for Carbon Dioxide
You use moist litmus paper and it if goes milky.
What do you test for Ammonia
Use red litmus paper and if it turns read there’s ammonia
What do you test for Chloride
Use damp litmus paper and if it turns white there’s chloride
