Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards
An Acid is a proton donor.
An Acid is a proton donor.
An acid is a substance which forms hydroxonium ions
when dissolved in water.
An acid is a substance which contains hydrogen which
can be replaced by a metal to form a salt.
What are the properties of an acid
have a sour taste.
are corrosive.
turn blue litmus paper red.
conduct electricity i.e they are
electrolytes.
have a pH less than 7
What is a base?
A base is a proton acceptor.
A base is a substance that reacts with
an acid to form salt and water.
What are the properties of alkalis?
have a bitter taste.
are soapy to touch.
are corrosive.
turn litmus paper from red to blue.
conduct electricity.
What is an indicator?
Indicators are used to distinguish between acids and alkalis in aqueous.
solutions. An indicator has one colour in an acidic solution and another colour in
an alkaline solution.
What are the colours for litmus paper?
Acidic: Red |Alkaline: Blue
What are the colours for Phenolphthalein
Acidic: Colourless |Alkaline: Pink
What are the colours for Methyl Orange
Acidic: Pink/Red |Alkaline: Yellow
What are the colours for Screened Methyl Orange
Acidic: Red |Alkaline: Green
What are the colours for Bromothymol blue
Acidic: Yellow |Alkaline: Blue
A strong acid or alkali is_____
A weak acid or alkali is_______
fully ionized when dissolved in water.
only partially ionized when dissolved in water.
Acids found in living Systems:
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can be found in fruits and vegetables
Citric Acid found in citrus fruits
Lactic acid produced in muscle cells during anaerobic respiration
Methanoic (formic) acid used by bees and ants when they sting
Hydrochloric acid found in gastric juices in the human stomach
What is an acid anhydride?
An acid anhydride refers to an acidic oxide of a
non-metal which reacts with water to form an acid.
What is the proticity of acids
This refers to the number of moles of ions produced per 1 mol of acid
Monobasic acids produce 1 mole of ions
Dibasic acids produce 2 moles of ions
Tribasic acids produce 3 moles of ions
What are acidic oxides?
Acidic oxides are oxides of some non-metals which react with alkalis to form salt + water.
What are basic oxides?
Basic oxides are oxides of metals which react with acids to form salt + water.
What are amphoteric oxides?
Amphoteric oxides are oxides of some metals and react with both acids and strong alkalis.
What are neutral oxides?
Neutral oxides are oxides of non-metals and react with either acids or alkalis.
What are the 4 REACTIONS OF ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS?
Acid + Base → salt + water
Acid + metal→ salt + hydrogen
Acid + hydrogencarbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + carbonate→ salt + water + carbon dioxide
Base + ammonium salt → salt + water + ammonia
What is a salt
A salt is a compound formed when
some or all of the hydrogen ions in an
acid are replaced by metal or
ammonium ions.
What are the 2 types of salts and how are they formed?
Normal salts are formed when ALL of the ions are replaced in an Acid
Acid salts are formed when only SOME of the ions are replaced in an Acid
