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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an indicator?

A

a substance that is one colour in acids and another in alkalis

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2
Q

what is UI made up of?

A

a mixture of several different indicators

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3
Q

what does litmus solution turn in different pHs?

A

acid - red
neutral - purple
alkaline - blue

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4
Q

what does red litmus paper turn in different pHs?

A

acid - red
neutral - red (stayed the same colour as paper)
alkaline -blue

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5
Q

what does blue litmus paper turn in different pHs?

A

acid - red
neutral - blue (stayed the same colour as paper)
alkaline - blue

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6
Q

what does phenolphthalein turn in different pHs?

A

acid - colourless
neutral - colourless
alkaline - magenta pink

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7
Q

what does methyl orange turn in different pHs?

A

acid - red
neutral - orange
alkaline -yellow

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8
Q

what does UI turn in different pHs?

A

acid - red
neutral - green
alkaline - purple

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9
Q

what is red litmus paper used to test for an why?

A

alkalines as it turns blue

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10
Q

what is blue litmus paper used to test for and why

A

acids as it turns red

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11
Q

what ion causes acidity?

A

hydrogen ion H+

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12
Q

what does the pH scale measure?

A

the concentration of H+

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13
Q

what type of scale is the pH scale?

A

logarithmic

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14
Q

how much concentrated in H+ is ph 1 than ph 3?

A

100x

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15
Q

what does pH stand for?

A

potenz (power in german) and H+

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16
Q

what is the formula for phosphoric acid and the negative ion charge?

A

H3 PO4 and 3-

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17
Q

what is the formula for ethanoic acid and the negative ion charge?

A

CH3COO H and 1-

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18
Q

what is the formula for carbonic acid and the negative ion charge?

A

H2 CO3 and 2-

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19
Q

how did the HCL (gas) dissolved in water react ?

A

UI - red
effervsence with all compounds
is electrially conductive

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20
Q

how did the HCL (gas) dissolved in methylbenzene react?

A

UI - green
NVS
No electrical conductivity

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21
Q

what hapnes to the HCL when dissolved in solvents?

A

it separates the H+ and the Cl- (as it is an acid)

22
Q

what is a Arrhenius acid?

A

and acid that dissolves in water to form H+ ions

23
Q

what does dissociate mean?

A

refers to how many acid molecules have been split apart into ions

24
Q

what does concentrated and dilute acids refer to?

A

refers to the amount of acid molecules dissolved in a certain amount of water

25
Q

what does strong and weak acids refer to?

A

refers to how many acid molecules have dissociated into ions

26
Q

examples of strong acids

A

HCL
HNO3
H2SO4

27
Q

example of weak acid

A

ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

28
Q

what symbol do you use to show an acid is weak?

A

⇌ = reversible reaction and so not fully complete

29
Q

what is the difference between the reactivity of strong and weak acids?

A

S.A are more reactive as they have fully dissociated acid molecules an so relatively has more H+ ions than W.A

30
Q

what is a base?

A

substances that can neutralise acids

31
Q

alkalis Vs bases

A

Alkalis - soluble bases (sub-group)

32
Q

what type of metal compounds are bases?

A

metal oxides and hydroxides

33
Q

what ion causes alkalinity?

A

OH- ions

34
Q

examples of strong alkalis

A

sodium and potassium hydroxide

35
Q

example of weak alkali

A

ammonia

36
Q

metal + acid →

A

salt + hydrogen
metal + H+ → metal + H2

37
Q

metal oxide + acid →

A

salt + water
2H+ + O2- → H2O

38
Q

metal hydroxide + acid →

A

salt + water
H+ + OH- → H2O

39
Q

metal carbonate + acid

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide
2H+ + CO3 2- → CO2 + H2O

40
Q

ammonia + acid →

A

ammonium salt
H+ NH3 → NH4 1+

41
Q

what causes neutralisation?

A

when the H+ from acid and OH- from alkali combine to form H2O

42
Q

what experiment can be done to monitor the pH in a reaction?
how much vinegar and water is used?
how much lime is added each time?
when does the spike in pH happen?

A
  • calcium hydroxide and ethanoic acid (lime and vinegar)
  • 20ml each
  • 0.1g
  • at 0.9g of lime
43
Q

calcium hydroxide + ethanoic acid →

A

calcium ethanoate + water

44
Q

when would you use the excess base method?

A

to make a soluble salt out of an insoluble base and acid

45
Q

when would you use in titration

A

to make a soluble salt from a soluble base and an acid

46
Q

when would you use precipitation?

A

to make an insoluble salt using two soluble salts

47
Q

usually what substances are used in excess base method?

A

a metal oxide + acid

48
Q

usually what substances are used in titration method?

A

sodium or potassium hydroxide / ammonia + acid

49
Q

usually what substances are used in precipitation method?

A

_______ nitrate + sodium _______

50
Q
A

Chemistry (3 decks)

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