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Chemistry IGCSE > Acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

Acids, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe Alkaline in terms of pH

A

had a pH above 7

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2
Q

Describe acid in terms of pH

A

has pH below 7

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3
Q

Describe neutral in terms of pH

A

Neither acidic nor alkaline; neutral solutions have a pH of 7

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4
Q

Acid + alkali –>

A

Salt + water

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5
Q

Acid + metal

A

Salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

Acid + Carbonate

A

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Acid + Oxide (bases)

A

Salt + Water

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8
Q

characteristic properties of bases

A
  • Have a pH above 7
  • A base which is water-soluble is referred to as an alkali
  • Turns red litmus paper blue
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9
Q

What is the test for a carbonate? (tests to identify anions)

A

Add dilute acid
Effervescence, carbon dioxide produced

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10
Q

What is the test for chloride (in solution)? (tests to identify anions)

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add
aqueous silver nitrate
Test results: white ppt

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11
Q

What is the test for bromide (in solutions? (test for anions)

A

acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add
aqueous silver nitrate
Test result: cream ppt

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12
Q

What is the test for nitrate (in solution)? (test for anions)

A

add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then
aluminium foil; warm carefully
Test result: ammonia produced

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13
Q

What is the test for sulphate (in solution)? (test for anions)

A

acidify, then add aqueous barium nitrate
Test result: white ppt

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14
Q

What is the test for ammonium? (test for aqueous cations)

A

effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: Ammonia produced on warming

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15
Q

What is the test for calcium? (test for aqueous cations)

A

effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: white ppt., insoluble in excess
effect of aqueous ammonia: no ppt. or very slight white ppt.

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16
Q

What is the test for copper (II)? (test for aqueous cations)

A

effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: light blue ppt., insoluble in excess
effect of aqueous ammonia: light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution

17
Q

What is the test for iron (II)? (test for aqueous cations)

A

effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: green ppt., insoluble in excess
effect of aqueous ammonia: green ppt., insoluble in excess

18
Q

What is the test for iron (III)? (test for aqueous cations)

A

effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
effect of aqueous ammonia: red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess

19
Q

What is the test for Zinc? (test for aqueous cations)

A

effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution
effect of aqueous ammonia: white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a
colourless solution

20
Q

What is the test for ammonia? (Test for gases)

A

turns damp red litmus paper blue

21
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?
(Test for gases)

A

turns limewater milky

22
Q

What is the test for chlorine? (Test for gases)

A

bleaches a damp litmus paper

23
Q

What is the test for hydrogen? (Test for gases)

A

‘pops’ with a lighted splint

24
Q

What is the test for oxygen? (Test for gases)

A

relights glowing splint

25
Q

What colour does lithium turn in the flame tests for metal ions?

A

Red

26
Q

What colour does sodium turn in the flame tests for metal ions?

A

Yellow

27
Q

What colour does potassium turn in the flame tests for metal ions?

A

Lilac

28
Q

What colour does copper (II) turn in the flame tests for metal ions?

A

Blue-green

29
Q

Name some properties of acids

A
  • pH below 7
  • Sour taste, corrosive
  • When added to water, they form positively charged hydrogen ions
  • Turn litmus paper red
  • Bases are usually oxides or hydroxides of metals
  • When alkalis are added to water, they form negative hydroxide ions (OH–)
30
Q

What is used to measure the pH?

A

Universal indicator

31
Q

What colour would the universal indicator if the pH was neutral?

A

Green

32
Q

What colour would the universal indicator if the pH was very acidic?

A

Red

33
Q

What colour would the universal indicator if the pH was a weak acid?

A

yellow/orange

34
Q

What colour would the universal indicator if the pH was very alkaline?

A

Purple

35
Q

What colour would the universal indicator if the pH was a weak alkaline?

A

Blue

36
Q

Are acids proton donors or proton acceptors?

A

Acids are proton donors as they ionise in solution producing protons, which are H+ ions

37
Q

Are bases proton donors or proton acceptors?

A

Bases are proton acceptors as they accept the protons which are donated by the acid

Chemistry IGCSE (14 decks)

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