Acids Bases and salts Flashcards
Define acids and bases
Acids - Sour, diff types
Soluble
Blue to red
Less than 7
Bases - bitter
Red to blue
More than 7
What is litmus
Extracted frm lichen used as indicator
Natural indicators - turmeric, methyl orange phenolphthalein
What are acid base indicators
To check if substance is acid or base or neutral by change in colour
What is olfactory
Change in smell indicator
Acid + Metal
Salt + H2
Base + Metal
Salt + H2
Metal + carbonate
Salt + Co2 + H20
Metal + bicarbonate
Same as carbonate
What is neutralisation
Reaction bw acid and base
Gives off salt and water
Acid + Metal oxide - basic
Salt + H20
Base + metal oxide
Same as base and acid
Similarities bw acid and bases
Same chemical properties
Acids contain H ions
Base OH ions
Acid and bases in water sol
Sep of h + ions cannot happen in absence of water
H + cannot exist alone they exist after combining w water molecules
Base in water generate Oh- ions
These are alkalis
Warnings of dissolving acid or base i water
Highly exothermic causes burns glass may break
Decreases conc of ions per unit volume - dilution
Why? H+ ions cannot exist alone
How do we know if a sol is strong?
Amt of ions determine it
Shows diff colours at diff conc of H+ ions - Ph scale
Higher hydronium ions lower ph value
Strong acids
Weak acids
Strong bases
Weak bases
More h+ ions
Vice versa
More OH - ions
Vice versa
Ph values of rain water and our body
5.6
7 to 7.8
Acids in other planets
Atmos of venus - thich white and yellowish clouds of sulphuric acid
Explain PH of soil and digestive system
Specific range for healthy growth
Colect soil and check
Digestive system - stomach HCl for digestion
Tooth decay
Bee sting
Less than 5.5
Bacteria in mouth produce acid by degrading sugar
Leads to corrosion
Prevention - brushing
Bee sting - acids cause pain , stinging hair lraves mathanoic acid
Use baking soda
Why are large crustals brown
Due to impurities
Hoe are rock salts formed
Formed when seas of bygone ages dry up
What happens when electricity is passed thru NaCl
Chlor alkali
Products chlorine gas, h2 gas, NaCl
Bleaching powder
Ca0cl2
Action of chlorine on dry slaked lime
Ca(0h2)+ cl2 = Ca0cl2 + h20
Uses
Bleaching of cotton, woodpulp, washed clothes
Oxidising agent
Drinking water free frm germs
Baking soda
Uses in kitchen for faster cooking
Sodium bicarbonate
Non corrosive basic salt - used to neutralise acid
Uses
Baking powder
When its heated NaHco3 + H+ = Co2 + h2o + sodium salt of acid
Co2 is produced during this used in bread
Soda acid fire extinguisher
Washing soda
Na2c03.10h20
Basic salt
Na2c03 + 10h20
Uses
Glass, soap, paper industries
Borax
Removing hardness of h20
What happens to cuso4 when removed of water
Turns white
When mosituned colour reappers
What is water of crystallisation
Fixes no. Of water molecules present in 1 formula unit of salt
Explain plaster of paris
Obtained frm gypsum - Cas04 .2h20
On heating plaster of oaris at 373k loses h20 mol turns to calcium hemihydrate
Uses
Fractured bones , toys, surface smoothing
Effloresence
Evaporation of water will take place when salt is left in the open
