acids bases and salts Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

what is arrhenius’ definition of acids?

A

an acid is a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

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2
Q

what are some examples of strong acids? (3)

A

hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid

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3
Q

what are some weak acids? (4)

A

ethanoic acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid

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4
Q

acid properties (taste, litmus paper,)

A
  • acids have a sour taste

- turn blue litmus paper red

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5
Q

acid reactions (3)

A
  1. acid + reactive metals -> salt + hydrogen
  2. acid + alkali -> salt + water
  3. acid + carbonate -> salt + water + CO2
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6
Q

how do acids/alkalis conduct electricity? how does the strength of the acid/alkali affect how it conducts electricity?

A

Acids dissolve in water to form solutions that can conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions that act as charge carriers. strong acids are strong electrolytes.

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7
Q

what is the arrhenius definition of bases

A

a base is a substance that releases OH- ions when dissolved in water

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8
Q

the other definition of a base?

A

a base is a substance that reacts with an acid to give a salt and water only. all metal oxides and hydroxides can act as bases.

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9
Q

what are 4 substances that are bases

A

all hydroxides, metal oxides, ammonia, alkalis (they are just soluble bases)

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10
Q

what is the equation for ammonia + water? (how to release OH- ions with ammonia)

A

ammonia + water -> NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

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11
Q

alkali characteristics (taste, litmus)

A

bitter taste and soapy feel, turns red litmus paper blue

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12
Q

word equation for heating alkali with ammonium salt?

A

alkali + ammonium salt -> ammonia gas + salt + water

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13
Q

what are the 3 unreactive metals?

A

copper, silver and gold

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14
Q

what happens when lead is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid / dilute sulfuric acid?

A

the initial reaction produces a layer of lead (II) chloride or lead (II) sulfate. this layer is insoluble in water and quickly forms a coating around the metal, preventing the metal from further reaction with the acid. (hence u should react lead with nitric acid for any results)

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15
Q

name the test for gases (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia)

A

hydrogen -> lighted splint
carbon dioxide -> white precipitate in calcium chloride / limewater test
ammonia (is colourless and pungent) -> turns moist red litmus paper blue

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16
Q

uses of sulfuric acid

A

fertiliser, detergents, battery acid in cars

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17
Q

uses of hydrochloric acid

A

cleaning agent

18
Q

uses of ethanoic acid

A

food preservatives and flavour enhancer

19
Q

uses of phosphoric acid

A

food and beverages

20
Q

uses of nitric acid

A

fertilisers and explosives

21
Q

uses of carbonic acids

A

in fizzy drinks

22
Q

what is the definition of dissociation?

A

splitting of a soluble substance in water into ions, which are now free to move about in the solution

23
Q

what is the definition of the strength of an acid or base

A

the strength of an acid or base refers to the extent to which an acid or base dissociates when dissolved in water

24
Q

what is the definition of a strong acid/base?

A

a strong acid/base dissociates completely in water to form hydrogen/hydroxide ions

25
what is the definition of a weak acid/base?
a weak acid/base dissociates partially in water to form hydrogen/hydroxide ions
26
concentration definition?
concentration refers to the amount of substance dissolved in a fixed volume of solution
27
what is the difference between the strength and concentration?
strength cannot be changed but concentration can be changed
28
what does the basicity of an acid/base depend on?
the number of H / OH atoms in a molecule that are able to form H+ / OH+ ions when it dissociates in water
29
does the strength of an acid depend on its basicity?
no bitch
30
what are the 4 types of oxides?
basic oxide, amphoteric oxide, acidic oxide, neutral oxide.
31
what are the metal oxides?
basic oxides and amphoteric oxides
32
what are the non-metal oxides?
acidic oxides and neutral oxides
33
what do these oxides react with to form a salt + water? 1. basic oxides 2. amphoteric oxides 3. acidic oxides 4. neutral oxides
1. acids 2. acids and bases 3. bases 4. nothing. they do not react with acids or bases
34
soluble basic oxides? PSL CaB
potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, barium
35
insoluble basic oxides? CoMa, I2 and I3
copper (ii), magnesium, iron (ii) and iron (iii)
36
insoluble amphoteric oxides? ALeZ
aluminium, lead (ii), zinc
37
soluble acidic oxides? N2, P5, S2 & 3, CO2
nitrogen dioxide, phosphorus (V) oxide, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, carbon dioxide
38
insoluble acidic oxides? SiO2
silicon dioxide
39
insoluble neutral oxides? NO CO
nitric oxide, carbon monoxide
40
what is a salt?
- a substance formed when a metallic ion or an ammonium ion replaces one or more hydrogen ions of an acid - it is an ionic compound that consists of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-
41
tell me the solubility table u wussy
Amazing 100 y/o men Named Steve and BuCky ( BIC ) love CARBs and METAL arms and they tried to commit HYDRaxide PLS THIS IS SO FUNNY anyways soluble: - all group 1 and ammonium salts - nitrates - sulfates except (lead, barium) (calcium and silver are sparingly soluble) - BIC except (silver and lead 2 BIC) - carbonates - metal oxides - hydroxides