acids bases and salts

Question 1

what is arrhenius’ definition of acids?

Answer 1

an acid is a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

Question 2

what are some examples of strong acids? (3)

Answer 2

hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid

Question 3

what are some weak acids? (4)

Answer 3

ethanoic acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid

Question 4

acid properties (taste, litmus paper,)

Answer 4

• acids have a sour taste

- turn blue litmus paper red

Question 5

acid reactions (3)

Answer 5

1. acid + reactive metals -> salt + hydrogen
2. acid + alkali -> salt + water
3. acid + carbonate -> salt + water + CO2

Question 6

how do acids/alkalis conduct electricity? how does the strength of the acid/alkali affect how it conducts electricity?

Answer 6

Acids dissolve in water to form solutions that can conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions that act as charge carriers. strong acids are strong electrolytes.

Question 7

what is the arrhenius definition of bases

Answer 7

a base is a substance that releases OH- ions when dissolved in water

Question 8

the other definition of a base?

Answer 8

a base is a substance that reacts with an acid to give a salt and water only. all metal oxides and hydroxides can act as bases.

Question 9

what are 4 substances that are bases

Answer 9

all hydroxides, metal oxides, ammonia, alkalis (they are just soluble bases)

Question 10

what is the equation for ammonia + water? (how to release OH- ions with ammonia)

Answer 10

ammonia + water -> NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Question 11

alkali characteristics (taste, litmus)

Answer 11

bitter taste and soapy feel, turns red litmus paper blue

Question 12

word equation for heating alkali with ammonium salt?

Answer 12

alkali + ammonium salt -> ammonia gas + salt + water

Question 13

what are the 3 unreactive metals?

Answer 13

copper, silver and gold

Question 14

what happens when lead is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid / dilute sulfuric acid?

Answer 14

the initial reaction produces a layer of lead (II) chloride or lead (II) sulfate. this layer is insoluble in water and quickly forms a coating around the metal, preventing the metal from further reaction with the acid. (hence u should react lead with nitric acid for any results)

Question 15

name the test for gases (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia)

Answer 15

hydrogen -> lighted splint
carbon dioxide -> white precipitate in calcium chloride / limewater test
ammonia (is colourless and pungent) -> turns moist red litmus paper blue

Question 16

uses of sulfuric acid

Answer 16

fertiliser, detergents, battery acid in cars

Question 17

uses of hydrochloric acid

Answer 17

cleaning agent

Question 18

uses of ethanoic acid

Answer 18

food preservatives and flavour enhancer

Question 19

uses of phosphoric acid

Answer 19

food and beverages

Question 20

uses of nitric acid

Answer 20

fertilisers and explosives

Question 21

uses of carbonic acids

Answer 21

in fizzy drinks

Question 22

what is the definition of dissociation?

Answer 22

splitting of a soluble substance in water into ions, which are now free to move about in the solution

Question 23

what is the definition of the strength of an acid or base

Answer 23

the strength of an acid or base refers to the extent to which an acid or base dissociates when dissolved in water

Question 24

what is the definition of a strong acid/base?

Answer 24

a strong acid/base dissociates completely in water to form hydrogen/hydroxide ions

Question 25

what is the definition of a weak acid/base?

Answer 25

a weak acid/base dissociates partially in water to form hydrogen/hydroxide ions

Question 26

concentration definition?

Answer 26

concentration refers to the amount of substance dissolved in a fixed volume of solution

Question 27

what is the difference between the strength and concentration?

Answer 27

strength cannot be changed but concentration can be changed

Question 28

what does the basicity of an acid/base depend on?

Answer 28

the number of H / OH atoms in a molecule that are able to form H+ / OH+ ions when it dissociates in water

Question 29

does the strength of an acid depend on its basicity?

Answer 29

no bitch

Question 30

what are the 4 types of oxides?

Answer 30

basic oxide, amphoteric oxide, acidic oxide, neutral oxide.

Question 31

what are the metal oxides?

Answer 31

basic oxides and amphoteric oxides

Question 32

what are the non-metal oxides?

Answer 32

acidic oxides and neutral oxides

Question 33

what do these oxides react with to form a salt + water?

1. basic oxides
2. amphoteric oxides
3. acidic oxides
4. neutral oxides

Answer 33

1. acids
2. acids and bases
3. bases
4. nothing. they do not react with acids or bases

Question 34

soluble basic oxides? PSL CaB

Answer 34

potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, barium

Question 35

insoluble basic oxides? CoMa, I2 and I3

Answer 35

copper (ii), magnesium, iron (ii) and iron (iii)

Question 36

insoluble amphoteric oxides? ALeZ

Answer 36

aluminium, lead (ii), zinc

Question 37

soluble acidic oxides? N2, P5, S2 & 3, CO2

Answer 37

nitrogen dioxide, phosphorus (V) oxide, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, carbon dioxide

Question 38

insoluble acidic oxides? SiO2

Answer 38

silicon dioxide

Question 39

insoluble neutral oxides? NO CO

Answer 39

nitric oxide, carbon monoxide

Question 40

what is a salt?

Answer 40

• a substance formed when a metallic ion or an ammonium ion replaces one or more hydrogen ions of an acid
• it is an ionic compound that consists of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-

Question 41

tell me the solubility table u wussy

Answer 41

Amazing 100 y/o men Named Steve and BuCky ( BIC ) love CARBs and METAL arms and they tried to commit HYDRaxide PLS THIS IS SO FUNNY anyways

soluble:

• all group 1 and ammonium salts
• nitrates
• sulfates except (lead, barium) (calcium and silver are sparingly soluble)
• BIC except (silver and lead 2 BIC)
• carbonates
• metal oxides
• hydroxides