Acids, bases, alkalis, and neutralisation Flashcards
What is the relationship between strength of an acid and dissociation?
The weaker the acid the lower the proportion of the acid is dissociated
What is the relationship between strength of an acid and H+ ions?
The weaker the acid the lower the CONCENTRATION of H+ ions in the solution
Explain why in the following reaction the hydroxide ion is acting as a base:
NaOH + HCl —-> NaCl + H2O
The hydroxide ion has accepted a proton
What is produced when a water soluble metal oxide reacts with water?
An aqueous hydroxide is formed
What is produced when a water insoluble oxide reacts with water?
No reaction
What is produced when a water insoluble oxide reacts with acids?
Water and a salt
What are the 3 types of bases?
- metal hydroxides
- metal oxides
- ammonia
How is ammonia able to act as a base?
The lone pair on the nitrogen atom is able to form a bond with a H+ ion
What is the symbol equation (including state symbols) for the reaction of ammonia with water?
NH3 (aq) + H2O (aq) —> NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)
Give the equation for water acting as a base
Give the name of the ion produced
H+ + H2O —> H3O+
This produces a hydronium ion
Give the names and formulae of the 3 most common alkalis
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
Potassium hydroxide, KOH
AQUEOUS ammonia NH3 (aq)
Explain why ammonia is an alkali
When in aqueous solution it produces ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. It has accepted a proton so is a base and because it releases OH- ions in aqueous solution it is an alkali
Is it true that all alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis?
yes
Acid + reactive metal —> ?
salt + hydrogen
Acid + metal hydroxide —> ?
salt + water
