acids & bases Flashcards
Acid
donates a H+ proton to another substance
Base
accepts a H+ proton from another substance
Conjugate acid-base pair
The pair of acid and base that differ by a H+
Amphoteric substance
Substance that can either donates or accept a hydrogen ion
Properties of Acid
Sour taste
Reacts with some metals to form H2O
Conducts electricity
React with bases
Properties of Bases
Bitter taste
Slippery (ex soap)
Conducts electricity
Strong Acids
HNO3, H2SO4, HCl, HClO4, HBR, HI
Strong Bases
LiOH, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2. Sr(OH)2
Weak Acids & Bases
Ionize partially
Weak Acids (Ka)
As Ka decreases less H is formed in solution, so base acid is weaker
Weak Bases (Kb)
As Kb decreases less OH is formed in solution, so base is weaker
Multiple Equilibria
When two reactions are added to give a third (net reaction) the equilibrium constants are multiplied
Ka X Kb = Kw
Polyprotic Acids
Certain weak acids contain more than one ionizable H. These acids dissociate in multiple steps
Salt
an ionic compound not containing H or OH
When it dissolves, the ion are formed
Cations
when derived from strong bases–> spectator ions
Others are slightly acidic
Diprotic Acid
Dissociates to form 2 hydrogen ions
Triprotic acid
Dissociates to form 3 hydrogen ions
weak acid + strong base
water + weak base
strong acid + weak base
weak acid
weak acid + weak base
weak acid + weak base
Titration
a process in which one reagent is added to another with which it reacts; an indicator is used to determine the point at which equal quantities of the two reagents have been added
Equivalence point
the point at which the neutralization reaction is complete
End point
the point at which the indicator changes color
Acid-Base indicators
produce a color change in an acid-base reaction
