Acids & Bases 1

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

-the body’s ability to maintain a stable state (required for optimal functioning)

Question 2

Cellular Respiration

Answer 2

-Metabolic processes that take place to ensure the cell energy produce waste products such as water c02 and acids
-This process is happening all the time
-Which means body is ALWAYS producing acids

Question 3

Buffering

Answer 3

-To ensure body DOESNT become to acidic due to cellular respiration, body quickly and constantly neutralizes these acids = buffering

Question 4

Ph

Answer 4

-The hydrogen ion concentration commonly expressed at pH
-The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in solution
-The symbol pH represents the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 5

The lower the pH means…

Answer 5

-the more acidic solution
-more H+

Question 6

The higher the ph means…

Answer 6

The more basic
-more OH-

Question 7

Normal body pH

Answer 7

7.35-7.45

Question 8

What to byproducts are produced through cellular respiration

Answer 8

-CO2
-H2O
-Cells take on oxygen and expel CO2 and water
-CO2 is a volatile acid meaning it can combine with water to create carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 9

Cellular Respiration Process

Answer 9

-Cells take in oxygen and expel CO2 and water
-CO2 binds to water to create carbonic acid (H2CO3)
-Happens so CO2 can be transported in the blood for eliminated via the lungs
-When carbonic acid reaches the pulmonary capillaries, carbonic acid dissociates and converts back into water and CO2 to be eliminated through expiration
-
-This allows body to maintain no net gain of acid despite constant production of CO2

Question 10

Process again

Answer 10

CO2 + H20 —> H2CO3 — RA —> RV —> PA —> CO2 and H20 released, O2 picked up —> alveolar capillary —> pulmonary vein carries O2 rich blood back to LA

Question 11

If you didn’t have buffering systems ..

Answer 11

-Cannot neutralize acids, you would die of acidosis
-Buffering is happening constantly
-there are 3 ways of buffering

Question 12

4 ways of buffering

Answer 12

1. Bicarbonate can accept H+ (which increases pH)
2. Carbonic acid can donate an H+ (which decreases pH)
3. Kidneys
4. H+ & K+ relationship

Question 13

First Way of Buffering: Bicarbonate can accept H+ (pH too low)

Answer 13

-Bicarbonate (HCO3) can take the acids floating around the blood (H+) and accept them
-This would convert Bicarbonate acid and turn it into Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
-Carbonic acid can then travel to lungs, dissociate into CO2 and H2O and then get exhaled out of the body
-Reduced amount of acid in blood but bicarbonate would appear low in the blood
-Results in pH increasing because there are fewer H+ and less bicarbonate

Question 14

Second way of buffering: If pH too high

Answer 14

-If blood to alkalotic, carbonic acid (H2CO3) can donate or release H+ into the blood in attempt to make blood more acid
-pH would go down
-By releasing an H+ it turns itself into the molecule bicarbonate (HCO3) in this case in blood test bicarbonate wound appear higher

Question 15

Third way of buffering: Kidneys

Answer 15

-Play important role in buffering
-Kidneys excrete excess H+ ions (urine) while regulating bicarbonate production and reabsorption into the blood stream
-The amounts of H+ and HCO3 can be adjusted to maintain homeostasis but takes time (up to 24 hours)

Question 16

Buffering System 4: H + and K +

Answer 16

-When there is too much H+ in the blood, that H+ can leave the blood stream and move into the cell, in order to decrease pH (makes blood less acidotic)
-But in order for H+ to move into cell something has to come out = K+ comes out and movers into blood stream = Hyperkalemia (increased potassium)
-Opposite can happen too = too few H+ In the blood, H+ can enter blood stream from cel which lowers pH (making blood more acidotic) = K+ leaves blood stream and moves into cell = Hypokalemia (decreased potassium)

Question 17

Hypo/HyperKalemia

Answer 17

-Talks about level of potassium in the blood, not cell (cannot measure intracellular potassium levels)