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alara > Acids, Base and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Base and Salts Flashcards

1
Q

the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCL

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2
Q

list 8 organic acids and their sources?

A

Loct fams

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3
Q

4 mineral acids with their formulas?

A

page 79 6.2

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4
Q

5 alkalis with their formula

A

page 84 6.3

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5
Q

formula of acetic acid and physical state?

A

CH3COOH (aq)

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6
Q

formula & state of sodium hydrogen carbonate

A

NaHCO3(s)

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7
Q

Baking soda formula and name?

A

sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

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8
Q

acids react with metals to form ________?

A

salt and hydrogen gas

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9
Q

formula of common salt

A

NaCl sodium chloride

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10
Q

what are noble metals?

A

It is found as pure metals because they are non-reactive and don’t combine with other elements to form compounds. they are less corrosive.

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11
Q

what is the formula of noble metals?

A

Gold Au,
Silver Ag
Platinum Pt
Osmium Os

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12
Q

What is used to make Aqua Regia?
Why is it made?

A

Hydrochloric acid and conc. nitric acid = Aqua Regia
To dissolve noble metals.

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13
Q

What is the formula of Aqua Regia?

A

3HCI + HNO3

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14
Q

what is the major reason for corrosion and oxidation?

A

oxygen and atmospheric moisture.

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15
Q

synthetic fibers?

A

Synthetic fibers are fibers made by humans through chemical synthesis.

They are the result of extensive research by scientists to replicate naturally occurring animal and plant fibers.

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16
Q

What is the dehydrating agent?

A

a substance that dries or removes water from a material.

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17
Q

What is celluloid plastic used for?

A

cheaper jewellery, jewellery boxes, hair accessories and many items

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18
Q

where is the term alkali taken from

A

Arabic work qali means from ashes

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19
Q

acids produce H+ ions in their ______

A

Aqueous solution

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20
Q

acids react with ________ to form hydrogen and _________
Example

A

Reactive metals
salt
pg 81 mg + hcl = mgcl2 + h2

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21
Q

sodium hydroxide is known as ______

A

caustic soda

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22
Q

2 examples of a neutralization reaction?

A

pg 82 85

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23
Q

why are noble metals found pure metals

A

non-reactive
don’t combine with other elements to form compounds.

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24
Q

what etches design on metals

A

Nitric acid

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25
Q

what is used in petroleum refining

A

Sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide

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26
Q

acids react with _______ to form CO2
2 eg

A

metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates
pg 81 and 82

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27
Q

what is used as a dehydrating agent?

A

Sulphuric acid

28
Q

what is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibre
formula and its other uses

A

Acetic acid
CH3 COOH aq
preparation of pickles
in the manufacture of plastics
used in the making pharmaceuticals

29
Q

______ when heated with _____ produce ammonia _______
formula?

A

Alkalis
ammonium salts
gas
pg 86

30
Q

alkalis turn ______ litmus ______
______ phenolphthalein _______
methyl ______ ________

A

red blue
colorless pink
orange yellow

31
Q

what is used for the identification of CO2? how?

A

calcium hydroxide
it turns lime water milky

32
Q

slaked lime is called as

A

calcium hydroxide

33
Q

what is used for softening water

A

calcium hydroxide sodium carbonate

34
Q

name 12 salts

A

pg 87

35
Q

what are salts found in?

A

crystalline & powder forms

36
Q

why do salts have a high melting points?

A

there is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.
Ionic bonding is very strong.

37
Q

what aqueous solution of salt conducts electricity?

A

metal salts or their molten form

38
Q

what is responsible for the shape of crystals?

A

salts contain water molecules in their crystals which is responsible

39
Q

what is hydrolysis?
example

A

chemical reaction of water with salt produces acid and a base
pg 88

40
Q

Plaster of Paris formula
What is used to make this?

A

CaSO4 . 1/2 H2O
calcium sulphate

41
Q

Plaster of Paris is also referred to as

A

Gypsum plaster

42
Q

what is a laxative?
what is used In it?

A

laxative, any drug used in the treatment of constipation to promote bowel movements.
sodium potassium tartarate

43
Q

what is used to measure the strength of an acid?

A

pH scale

44
Q

what is pH scale?

A

the scale which is used to measure the strength of the acidic and alkaline solution.

45
Q

how can the pH of the solution be determined?

A

universal indicator or pH paper

46
Q

what is pH of strong and weak acids? strong and weak alkalis?
pH of neutral?

A

Strong acids: 0 to 2
weak acids: 3 to 6
strong alkalis: 12 to 14
weak alkalis: 8 to 11
neutral:7

47
Q

what are neutral solutions?

A

the solution having equal concentrations of H+ ions and OH- ions. they have pH=7

48
Q

when is an acid strong?

A

when the concentration of H+ ion are more the stronger.

49
Q

solution with lower pH values are_________.

A

strong acids

50
Q

solution with higher pH values are ________.

A

strong alkalis

51
Q

the higher the pH value the _______

A

stronger alkalis

52
Q

indicators & their colors in acids and bases?

A

pg 93
6.6

53
Q

the formula of carbonic acid?

A

H2CO3 (aq)

54
Q

what is used to make plaster of pairs?

A

calcium sulphate hemihydrate

55
Q

ethanoic acid is called

A

acetic acid HC2H3O2

56
Q

What is another name for hydrochloric acid?

A

Muriatic acid

57
Q

What is another name for sulphuric acid?

A

KING OF CHEMICALS
OIL OF VITRIOL

58
Q

What is another name for nitric acid?

A

Aqua Fortis

59
Q

iron Latin name

A

Ferrum (Fe)

60
Q

why do electrons have to be light?

A

to be able to move around the nucleus

61
Q

Name natural indicators.

A

red cabbage turmeric china rose and litmus

62
Q

what IS pH meter

A

It is an instrument used to measure the exact pH of a solution. When the electrode of the pH meter is dipped into the solution, the reading of its pH appears on the digital display of pH meter

63
Q

what are precipitates?

A

substances that appear as a solid insoluble product in the liquid reaction mixture

64
Q

More than _____ compounds are known to scientists.

A

3 million

65
Q

phosphoric acids uses?

A

HNO3 A flavoring agent in sodas
(adds “tart”)

Used in the manufacture of
detergents and fertilizers

Not a common laboratory
reagent

66
Q

heavy metal examples

A

aluminum chloride and cadmium chloride alcl3 cdcl2

67
Q

what is goiter?

A

A goiter is the irregular growth of the thyroid gland.

alara (4 decks)

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