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Chemistry Honors > Acids and Bases Unit > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Unit Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

a substance which when dissolved, can conduct an electric current due to freely moving ions. both acids and bases are electrolytes, mainly ionic compounds

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2
Q

what is HCl?

A

an electrolyte and an acid

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3
Q

what is the arrhenius definition of acids

A

any substance which produces hydrogen ions that is the only positive ion in the solution

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4
Q

what is the modern interpretation of arrhenius’ def of acids

A

the positive ion formed is the hydronium ion

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5
Q

what are the properties of acids

A
  • they are electrolytes
  • they taste sour
  • they react with metals to form hydrogen gas
  • acids cause indicators to change color
  • acids can neutralize bases
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6
Q

what is the arrhenius def of bases

A

a base is any substance which produces hydroxide ions as the only negative ion in the solution

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7
Q

what are the properties of bases

A
  • they r electrolytes
  • they taste bitter
  • they feel slippery
  • they cause indicators to change color
  • they neutralize acids
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8
Q

what does the strength of an acid depend on

A

the strength of an acid solution depends not just on the molarity, but also the degree of ionization.
- it affects the number of hydrogen ions present in an aqueous solution of the acid and therefore the strength of the acid

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9
Q

what is pH

A

powers of hydrogen, it is a measure of the concentration of the H+ ions in a solution

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10
Q

if the H+ concentration is 1 x 10 ^-3 what is the pH

A

3

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11
Q

what does each step in the pH scale indicate

A

a ten times difference in concentration of H + ions
pH = 1 to pH = 4 is a thousand fold DECREASE
when pH increases, the number of hydrogen ions decreases

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12
Q

what will happen in any sample of water?

A

a small number of water molecules will ionize
- ionization constant of water = Kw

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13
Q

what are salts derived from

A

acids and bases, however, they do not produce H+ ions or OH- ions

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14
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

the reaction of the ions of the salt reacting with the ions from the self ionization of water molecules in the solution.

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15
Q

what are neutral salts produced by?

A

a strong acid and a strong base

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16
Q

why is there no attraction between the ions?

A

because the compounds have ionized completely or dissociated completely

17
Q

why is it neutral?

A

with the ionization of water equilibrium remaining equal, ratios between H+ and OH- ions are the same, making the salt neutral

18
Q

what are acidic salts produced from

A

formed from a strong acid and a weak base

19
Q

why do the ions not react with eachother

A

there is little backwards reaction rate for a strong acid or a strong base due to the complete ionization of the compounds

20
Q

what happens in a weak base or acid

A

the backwards reaction rate is stronger and the compounds will be reformed

21
Q

what does this lead to

A

lesser concentration of either H+ of OH- ions whihc will lead to the solution being either more acidic or basic

22
Q

how are basic or alkaline salts formed

A

they are formed from a strong base and a weak acid
eg: NaOH and HCH3COO

23
Q

what will happen to the NaOH

A

it will dissociate completely into Na+ and OH- ions , no attraction between the two

24
Q

what will happen to the HCH3COO

A

the ions produced will joined together, so there is a lesser concentration of H+ ions, therefore the solution is basic/alkaline

25
Q

what is the outcome of the salts of a weak acid and a weak base

A

it could be a weak acid or base depending on the parent acid/base

26
Q

what is a salt

A

an ionic compound which produces any positive ion other than hydrogen and any negative ion other than hydroxide when dissolved in water

27
Q

what is the titration equation

A

MA x VA = MB x VB

28
Q

what is the Bronsted-Lowry acid and base theory

A

an acid is any substance which donates a proton in a chemical reaction
a base is any substance which accepts a proton.

29
Q

what is amphoteric(amphiprotic)

A

a substance which can act as either an acid or a base

30
Q

what is a strong acid’s conjugate

A

a weak base, and vice versa

Chemistry Honors (11 decks)

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