Acids and Bases: Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the pH scale?
An indication of the hydrogen ion concentration from below 0 to above 14
What does a neutral solution contains?
An equal concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions
Why is water neutral?
it dissociates as shown in the equation:
<----- H2O(l) -----> H+(aq) + OH-(aq)
——>
What does the symbol <—– mean?
It means the reaction is reversible
What does an acidic solution contain?
has a higher concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions than hydroxide(OH-) ions and has a pH below 7
What does an Alkaline (bases) solution contain?
has a higher concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydrogen (H+) ions and has a pH above 7
What happens if you dilute an acidic solution with water?
It will decrease the concentration of hydrogen(H+) ions and the pH will increase towards 7
What happens if you dilute an alkaline solution with water?
It will decrease the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) and the pH will decrease towards 7
What do soluble non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form?
Acidic solutions
What do soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form?
Alkaline solutions
metal oxide + water 🡪 metal hydroxide
What are metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia neutralise acids called?
Bases
what do bases that dissolve in water form?
Alkaline solutions
What is a neutralisation reaction?
A base reacts with an acid to form water and salt is also formed in this reaction.
How can neutralisation reactions be written?
metal oxide + acid 🡪 salt + water
metal hydroxide + acid 🡪 salt + water
metal carbonate + acid 🡪 salt + water + carbon dioxide
What does the name of the salt depend on?
It depends on the acid and base used.
-The first part of the salt name is the metal of the alkali .
-Second part of the salt name comes from the acid:
Hydrochloric acid = …chloride
Sulfuric acid = …sulfate
Nitric acid = …nitrate
Eg: lithium hydroxide + Nitric acid → lithium nitrate + water
What are spectator ions?
ions that remain unchanged by the reaction.
What can be used to identify spectator ions?
Reaction equations
What are titrations used to determine?
The unknown concentration of a solution
What is used to show the end-point of the titration reaction?
An indicator
How is the concentration determined ?
by accurately measuring the volumes
What is used for acid-base titrations?
a neutralisation reaction
