Acids and Bases: Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the pH scale?
An indication of the hydrogen ion concentration from below 0 to above 14
What does a neutral solution contains?
An equal concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions
Why is water neutral?
it dissociates as shown in the equation:
<----- H2O(l) -----> H+(aq) + OH-(aq)
——>
What does the symbol <—– mean?
It means the reaction is reversible
What does an acidic solution contain?
has a higher concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions than hydroxide(OH-) ions and has a pH below 7
What does an Alkaline (bases) solution contain?
has a higher concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydrogen (H+) ions and has a pH above 7
What happens if you dilute an acidic solution with water?
It will decrease the concentration of hydrogen(H+) ions and the pH will increase towards 7
What happens if you dilute an alkaline solution with water?
It will decrease the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) and the pH will decrease towards 7
What do soluble non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form?
Acidic solutions
What do soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form?
Alkaline solutions
metal oxide + water 🡪 metal hydroxide
What are metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia neutralise acids called?
Bases
what do bases that dissolve in water form?
Alkaline solutions
What is a neutralisation reaction?
A base reacts with an acid to form water and salt is also formed in this reaction.
How can neutralisation reactions be written?
metal oxide + acid 🡪 salt + water
metal hydroxide + acid 🡪 salt + water
metal carbonate + acid 🡪 salt + water + carbon dioxide
What does the name of the salt depend on?
It depends on the acid and base used.
-The first part of the salt name is the metal of the alkali .
-Second part of the salt name comes from the acid:
Hydrochloric acid = …chloride
Sulfuric acid = …sulfate
Nitric acid = …nitrate
Eg: lithium hydroxide + Nitric acid → lithium nitrate + water
