Acids and Bases (topic 8/18)

Question 1

Brønstead-lowry acid and base

Answer 1

Proton donor and receiver respectively

Question 2

Amphiprotic

Answer 2

Can be both a Brønstead-lowry acid and base. Can receive and donate protons (only bronstead-lowry)

Question 3

Amphoteric

Answer 3

A substance that can behave as either an acid or a base (B.L. , Lewis, traditional)(any sort of acid and base)

Question 4

Conjugate acid-base pairs

Answer 4

• HCl / Cl(-)
• HNO3 / NO3(-)
• H3SiO4(-) / H2SiO4(2-)
• H2O / OH(-)
• OH(-) / O(2-)
• H2SO4 / HSO4(-)
• HCO2H / HCO2(-)

**tend to put the acid first

Question 5

The characteristic properties of acids and bases in aqueous solution

Answer 5

• 5 reactions of acids
• Tricky bases
• Alkali vs base
• Effects on indicators

Question 6

5 reactions of acids

Answer 6

• Swap the hydrogen for the metal

Reactions
- 2HNO3 + 2Li -> 2LiNO3 + H2
- H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O
- 2HCl + CaCO3 -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
- 2CH3CO2H + MgO -> Mg(CH3CO2)2 + H2O
- H3PO4 + 3NaHCO3 -> Na3PO4 + 3H2O + 3CO2

Question 7

Tricky bases (OH-)

Answer 7

• NH3 + H2O -> NH4OH
• Na2CO3
• NaHCO3

Question 8

Alkali vs base

Answer 8

A soluble base = alkali

Question 9

Effects on indicators

Answer 9

Acids and bases change the colour of indicators.