Acids and Bases Practice Test Flashcards
Where are the protons, electrons and neutrons positioned in an atom?
The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus while the electrons are outside the nucleus.
What is the rule for electron configuration for an atom for each shell?
2,8,8 …
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons in order to become stable, having a electrical charge.
What is an atom?
A particle of matter that consists of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Why do atoms form into ions?
So it becomes stable
How does an atom form into an ion?
When electrons are gained or lost in the valence shell in order to become ‘stable’
What does an ion drawing need to have?
A full valence shell, brackets and the charge of the ion.
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of some electrons from one atom to another.
What is collision theory?
When reactant molecules collide with eachother with energy to determine the rate of reaction
What is a formulae?
Symbol equation
Why are ionic compounds’ have a neutral charge?
Because there is always an equal amount of cations and anions in the compound, resulting in 0 (neutral charge)
What is a subatomic particle?
Proton, neutron, electrons
If the pH level is below 7, what is the solution considered as and what colour could it be?
Acidic, ranging from the colour red to yellow
If the pH level is above 7, what is the solution considered as and what colour could it be?
Basic, ranging from the colour light blue to purple.
If the pH level is 7, what is the solution considered as and what colour could it be?
neutral, being a green colour
What ions are responsible for making an solution acidic?
the number of hydrogen ions released into the water
What can be an example of a acidic solution with a pH below 7?
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
What can be an example of a solution with a pH above 7?
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Whats the symbol and word equation for neutralisation?
H + OH -> H₂O
Salt + Water -> Water
What is neutralisation?
When an acid and bases reacts with each other, balancing the hydrogens and hydroxide ions to become neutral
What happens when an acid touches a blue litmus paper?
Red..
What happens when an base touches a blue litmus paper?
Stays blue..
What happens when an acid touches a red litmus paper?
Stays red..
What happens when a base touches a red litmus paper?
Turns Blue
What happens when a neutral solution touches red or blue litmus paper?
Stays red and blue cause its a pure substance
What two type of ions in a solution has to be equally balanced to make a neutral solution?
Hydroxide and Hydrogen ions
(OH & H)
What does concentration mean in a solution?
the amount of a substance like a salt in a solution
Metal + Water –>
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Acid + Metal –>
Metal compound (salt) + hydrogen gas
Acid + Base –>
metal compound (salt) + water
Acid + Carbonate –>
metal compound + carbon dioxide + water
Sodium + Water –>
Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
Nitric Acid + Magnesium –>
Magnesium nitrate + hydrogen gas
Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide –>
Sodium chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + Zinc –>
Zinc chloride + hydrogen gas
Turn this into a word equation:
Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used to make sodium sulfate, water and carbon dioxide.
Sodium hydrogen carbonate + Sulfuric acid = Sodium Sulfate + water + carbon dioxide
Turn this into a word equation:
Sodium carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid.
Sodium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid = Sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water
Name the four ways to make the reaction rate faster
Surface Area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalysts
How does the concentration of reactants increase the rate of reaction?
Because this means there are more reactant molecules available to collide and react with each other as it increased by having a higher concentration.
How does the change of temperature increase the rate of reaction?
Because the higher temp, it increases the kinetic/heat energy of the reactant molecules making them more likely to collide and react with each other
How does the change of surface area increase the rate of reaction?
Increasing the surface area means there’s more space available for reactant molecules to collide with each other
What is an example of something with a large surface area?
Powder
What is collision theory?
used to predict the rates of chemical reactions
The more collisions happening per seconds it increases _______________ per second resulting to a _______________
the effective collisions
faster rate of reaction
How do you if an acid or base is “weak” and “strong” with using the pH level?
if the acid has a pH level of 1-3 its more strong, weak if its 4-6
if the base has a pH level of 8-11 its weak, strong if 12-14.
What charge does proton, neutron, and electron have?
positive
neutral
negative
What needs to happen for a reaction to occur?
particles must collide and react with eachother
What ions are responsible for making an solution basic?
The concentration of hydroxide ions released into the water
