Acids and Bases

Question 1

Acids

Answer 1

Substances that donate Hydrogen

Question 2

Properties of Acids

Answer 2

Turn litmus red
pH of less than 7
Taste sour
reacts with metals to produce salt + hydrogen
React with hydroxides/oxides to produce salt + water
React with carbonates to produce salt +water + carbon dioxide

Question 3

Bases

Answer 3

Substances that accept hydrogen ions

Question 4

Alkali

Answer 4

bases that can dissolve in (react with) water to release hydroxide (OH-) ions.

Question 5

Conjugate acid-base pairs

Answer 5

when an acid has donated a proton it becomes a base. the base formed is the conjugate base of the acid
A conjugate base has one less proton than the acid
When a base has accepted a proton it becomes a acid. The acid formed is the conjugate acid of the base.
A conjugate acid has one more proton than the base

Question 6

Amphiprotic

Answer 6

Substances like So4- ion and water can act as an acid or as a base.

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions
The units of concentration used are moles/L or mol/L
pH is the power of hydrogen
pH is measured in dilute aqueous solutions
The pH scale is from 1 -14. for every increase in pH unit, ie 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 there is a 10 fold decreases in the concentration of H+ ions

Question 8

The pH of a solution is determined by two factors

Answer 8

The strength of the acid (how much it ionises)

the concentration of the acid (how much of the substance there is)

Question 9

Properties of Bases

Answer 9

Turn litmus blue
have a slippery feel
are caustic
react with acids
have a relatively high pH