Acids and Bases Flashcards
Arrhenius Theory
An acid is a substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions.
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
An acid is a proton (H+) donor.
A base is a proton (H+) acceptor.
Strong acids
An acid that ionises completely in aqueous solution
Strong base
A base that dissociates completely in aqueous solution
Weak acid
An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution
Weak base
A base that only dissociates/ionises partially in an aqueous solution
Concentrated Acid
A large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of water
Dilute Acid
A small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of water
Salt
A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation
Neutralisation
The point where an acid and base have reacted so neither is in excess. Also called the equivalence point.
Indicators
A substance that changes colour depending on the pH of the solution
Solution
A homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
Standard solution
A solution of known concentration and it will remain constant for a while
Amphoteric/Amphiprotic substance
A substance that can act as either an acid or base.
pH
A number that indicates the degree of the acidity of a solution
Ionisation
The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions
Dissociation
The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions
Measure of ionisation of acid
The measure of the strength of the acid
Measure of dissociation of base
The measure of the strength of the base
Hydrolysis of salt
A reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water.
