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Acids and Bases > acids and bases > Flashcards

acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhenius theory

A

acids ionise and form hydrogen ions,

bases dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions

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2
Q

Brønsted-Lowry theory

A

a substance behaves as an acid when it donates a proton to a base.
a substance behaves as a base when it accepts a proton from an acid

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3
Q

Acids are

Bases are

A

proton donors

proton acceptors

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4
Q

An acid-base reaction involves

A

an exchange of protons from an acid to a base

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5
Q

HCl added to water

water/HCl acted as

A

it breaks apart to form hydronium ion and chlorine ion.

HCl acted as an acid bc has donated hydrogen ion to eater. Water acted as a base bc accepted a proton from HCl

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6
Q

HCl hydrolysis reaction

HCL dissociation reaction

A

HCl(g)+H2O(l)–> H3O+(aq) +Cl-(aq)

HCl(g)+H2O(l)–> H+(aq) +Cl-(aq)

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7
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

occurs when a molecule/ion in an aqueous solution reacts with water either by accepting or donating a proton

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8
Q

Advantages of BL theory

A

acids and bases not restricted to aqueous solutions

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9
Q

Limitations of BL theory

A

cannot be applied to run b/w acidic and basic oxides
under certain conditions solid calcium oxide (basic oxide) reacts with gaseous CO2 (acidic oxide) to produce salt calcium carbonate
CaO(s) +CO2(g)–> CaCO3(s)

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10
Q

Conjugate acid-base pairs

A

are 2 species that differ by a proton

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11
Q

Conjugate acid of a base

A

contains 1 more H+ ion (proton) than the base

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12
Q

Conjugate base of an acid

A

contains 1 less H+ ion (proton) than the acid

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13
Q

HCl(g)+H2O(l)–> H3O+(aq) +Cl-(aq)
Acid/base/conj?
(((HCl(g)+H2O(l)–> H+(aq) +Cl-(aq)))

A

HCl acid
Cl- acids conj base
water base
H3O+ bases conj acid

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14
Q

Amphiprotic

A

substances that can behave as either an acid or a base (water)

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15
Q

Amphiprotic substances Examples

A

H2O, H2PO4-, HSO4-, CO3^2-, HCO3-,HPO4^2-, H2SO4

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16
Q

Monoprotic acid

A

donate 1 proton per molecule

ethanoic acid

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17
Q

acidic proton

A

the hydrogen atom that is donated by and acid

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18
Q

polyphonic acid
diprotic
triprotic

A

can donate more than 1 proton per molecule(in steps)
can donate 2 protons
3 protons

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19
Q

Strong acid (def)

A

will readily donate a proton (ionise)
donate protons easily
solution of strong acid contains ions with virtually no unreacted acid molecules present

20
Q

Weak acid

A 
Only ionises partially
ethnic acid (CH3COOH), carbonic acid (H2CO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
21
Q

Strong acid examples

A

hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulphuric acid(H2SO4), Nitric acid(HNO3)

22
Q

Strong bases

A 
accept protons easilt
sodium hydroxide (naOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
23
Q

Weak bases

A

only accept a small portion of protons

ammonia (NH3)

24
Q

Acidity constant (Ka)

A

the equilibrium constant for a hydrolysis reaction of an acid
Ka= [H3O+][CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH]
water not included

25
Q

Basicity constant (Kb)

A

symbol given to eq constant for a hydrolysis rxn of a base

more???

26
Q

Concentrated and dilute

A

describe the amount of acid or base dissolved in a given V of solution

27
Q

what do Ka indicate

A

the strength of an acid

28
Q

Pure water undergoes

A 
self ionisation (to a small extent)
H2O(l)+H2O(l)  H3O+(aq)+ OH(aq)-
29
Q

Ionic product (ionisation constant) of water

A

Kw=[H3O+][OH-]=1.00 x 10^-14 @25ºC

30
Q

pH

A

a scale that is a way of expressing the levels of acidity

pH=-log10[H3O+]

31
Q

[H3O+]=

A

[H3O+]= 10^-pH

32
Q

Kw and temperature

A

T will affect value of Kw.
As Temp increases so does the value of Kw which lowers pH
This is bc self ionisation of water is endothermic

33
Q

dilution

A

mixing concentrated acid with water

34
Q

Salts

A

are ionic compounds containing a positive ion (cation) other than a hydrogen ion (H+) or a negative ion(anion) other than oxide ion (O^2-) or (OH-)

35
Q

Salts formed from?

A

neutralisation rxn by combination of acid and base

has cation from base and anion from acid

36
Q

A dissociation reaction (salts) takes place

A

when salt dissolves in water

The cation/anion produced may react with water to produce either H3O+ or OH- ions

37
Q

Neutral salts

A

salts produced in reaction between strong acid and strong base
the anion and cation do not react with water

38
Q

Salts of strong acid and weak base

A

are acidic bc the conj acid of weak base hydrolyses to form hydronium ions

39
Q

Acidic salt

A

a salt produced in rxn between strong acid and weak base

the anion/cation of acidic salt reacts with water by donating proton

40
Q

Salts of weak acid and strong base

A

are basic salts bc anions hydrolyse to form hydroxide ions

41
Q

basic salt

A

a salt produced in rxn b/w weak acid and strong base

anion/cation of basic salt reacts with by accepting proton

42
Q

salt of weak acid and weak base

A

involves 2 competing hydrolysis reactions
The conj base of weak acid reacts w/ water to form H3O+
The conj acid of weak base reacts w/ water to form OH-

43
Q

The pH of a solution of a salt of a weak acid and weak base

A

depends on the extent to which each rxn occurs

44
Q

Acid and base properties of common ions

A

Neutral (from strong acids+bases)= Cl- Br- NO3-
Acidic (from weak bases)= NH4+,HSO4-, H2PO4-
Basic(from weak acids)= CO3^2-, HPO4^2-, HCO3-, PO4^3-, SO4^2-, F-

45
Q

Determine acidity of salt produced by rxn of NaOH and phosphoric acid

A

NaOH+ H3PO4–> ect

PO4^3- basic ion so salt is basic

46
Q

Aqueous solutions of salts of polyprotic acid

A

can be neutral acidic or basic

Acids and Bases (1 decks)

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