Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEHC U2 > Acids And Bases > Flashcards

Acids And Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid? (Arrhenius definition)

A

An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of an acidic reaction for the Arrhenius definition of an acid

A

HCl –(H2O)–> H+ + Cl-

HCl dissolves (ionises) in water to H+ + Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a base? (Arrhenius definition)

A

a base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give an example of a basic reaction (Arrhenius definition)

A

NaOH dissociates in water to form aqueous solution of Na+ ions and OH-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry model of acids and bases describe?

A

An acid reacting to form its conjugate base and a base reacting to form its conjugate acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an acid? Bronsted-Lowry definition

A

Acid is a proton donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a base?

Bronstd-Lowry definition

A

A base is a proton accepter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of a bronsted-Lowry model of acids and bases and also give an explanation to why it helps.

A

H-Cl + H2O ➡️ Cl- + H3O
(Acid) + (Base) ➡️ (Conjugate base of acid HCl) + (conjugate acid of H2O)

This model of acids and bases helps to explain why some substances are basic even though hydroxide ions are not produced in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an amphoteric?

A

A substance that can accept or donate a proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an amphoteric substance?

A

Water is considered to be amphoteric as it can donate a proton to form an hydroxide ions or accept a proton to form the hydronic ion (H3O+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do acids taste like?

A

Sour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do bases taste like?

A

Bitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What colour does acids turn litmus?

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What colour do bases turn litmus?

A

Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What pH do acids have?

A

pH below 7 at 25C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What pH do bases have?

A

pH above 7 at 25C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are acids sticky or slippery?

A

may feel sticky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are bases sticky or slippery?

A

may feel slippery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Do acids and bases both conduct electricity when in solution?

A

YAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are both acids and bases corrosive?

A

YAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do acids react with?

A

React with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do bases react with?

A

Reacts with acids, oils and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 8 type of acid/base reactions?

A 
Acid and metal
Acid and metal hydroxide
Acid and metal oxide
Acid and carbonate
Acid and hydrogen carbonate 
Acid and metal sulfite
Base and ammonium salt
Base and non-metal oxide
24
Q

Acid and Metal —> ?

A

Acid and Metal —> Salt and H2 (gas)

eg. 2HCl(aq) + Ni(s)—> NiCl2(aq) + H2(g)

25
Q

Acid and Metal Hydroxide —> ?

A

Acid and Metal Hydroxide —> Salt + H2O

eg. 2HNO3(aq) +Ca(OH)2(s) —> Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

26
Q

Acid and Metal Oxide —> ?

A

Acid and Metal Oxide —> Salt + H2O

eg. H2SO4 + CuO —> CuSO4 + H2O

27
Q

Acid and Carbonate —> ?

A

Acid and Carbonate —> Salt + H2O + CO2

28
Q

Acid and Hydrogen carbonate —> ?

A

Acid and Hydrogen carbonate —> Salt + H2O +CO2

29
Q

Acid and Metal Sulfite —> ?

A

Acid and Metal Sulfite —> Salt + H2O + SO2

eg. 2HCl(aq) + Na2SO3(s) —> 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)

30
Q

Base and Ammonium salt —> ?

A

Base and Ammonium salt —> Salt + H2O +NH3(g)

eg. KOH(aq) + NH4Cl (aq) —> KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + NH3(g)

31
Q

Base + Non-Metal oxide (acid) —> ?

A

Base + Non-Metal oxide (acid) —> Salt + H2O
eg. 2KOH(aq) + SO2(g) —> K2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)
2NaOh(aq) + CO2(g) —> H2O(l) + NaCO3

32
Q

What is an indicator?

A

a substance that changes colour depending on the

concentration of hydronium (hydrogen) ions present.

33
Q

What is pH?

A

pH is a measure of the hydronium (hydrogen) ion concentration in a solution
and is calculated using the formula:
pH = - log [H3O+]

34
Q

What is the H3O+ concentration for ph 1, 2, 3

A

pH 1 = 1.Ox10^-1
pH 2 = 1.Ox10^-2
pH 1 = 1.Ox10^-3

The change of one pH unit is equivalent to a ten-fold change in the hydronium ion concentration

35
Q

Give an example of when the concentration of hydronium ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions

A

For pure water at 25C the concentration of hydronium ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions and the pH is exactly 7. At 25C a pH of 7 is called neutral (neither acidic or basic).

36
Q

What are some strong acids (6)

A 
HCl  
H2SO4
HNO3
HI
HBr
HClO4
37
Q

What are some weak acids? (7)

A 
H2SO3
H3PO4
HF
CH3COOH
H2CO3
Ammonium salts (NH4Cl, NH4NO3)
38
Q

What are some strong bases? (4 types)

A

oxides of group 1 metals

  • Li2O
  • K2O
  • Na2O

oxides of group 2 metals

  • MgO
  • CaO
  • BaO

Hydroxides of group 1 metals

  • LiOH
  • NaOH
  • KOH

Hydroxides of group 2 metals

  • Mg(OH)2
  • Ba(OH)2
39
Q

What are some weak bases? (4 types)

A

Metal Phosphates

  • Na3PO4
  • K3PO4

Metal carbonates

  • Na2CO3
  • K2CO3

metal hydrogen-carbonates

  • NaHCO3
  • KHCO3
  • Ca(HCO3)2

AMMONIA

  • NH3
  • NH3OH
40
Q

Are non-metal oxides are acidic? and also describe a reaction of non-metal oxides with water.

A

many non-metal oxides are acidic, though it is not immediately apparent from Arrhenius theory.

Non-metal oxides like CO2 and SO3 combine with water to form acids then acids ionise to form H+ and acidic solution

41
Q

Give an example of a reaction of non-metal oxides with water

A

When added to water, SO2 initially dissolves to form H2SO3 which then partially ionises forming hydrogen ions, this lowers the solutions pH.

SO2 + H2O ↔️ H2SO3
then H2SO3 + H2O ↔️ H3O+ + HSO3-
overall SO2 + 2H2O ↔️ H3O+ + HSO3-

42
Q

Are metallic oxides basic or amphoteric like Na2O or CaO basic? and also describe a reaction of metallic oxides?

A

they are basic or amphoteric in nature and are not immediately obvious from Arrhenius theory.

  • Dissociation releases positive metal ions and O2- (aq) -
  • then rapidly combines with H2O to produce OH-(aq) -
  • when dissolve in H2O a metal oxide converts into a basic solution of corresponding metal hydroxide
43
Q

Give a example of a reaction of a metallic oxides with water

A

Na2O dissolves…. Na2O(s) —> 2Na+(aq) + O2- (aq)

Oxides ion reacts with water…. O2-(aq) + H2O(l) —> 2OH-(aq)

Overall….. Na2O(s) + H2O (l) —-> 2Na+(aq) + 2OH- (aq)

44
Q

What happens when the metallic oxide is insoluble?

A

CaO and MgO will absorb water to produce an hydroxide

eg. CaO(s) + H2O —-> Ca(OH)2 (s)

MgO(s) + H2O —-> Mg(OH)2 (s)

45
Q

What is a polyprotic acid?

A

A polyprotic acid is one that has more than one acidic hydrogen atom

eg.
H2SO4
HSCO3
H3PO4

46
Q

What is are strong electrolytes?

A

Strong acids and all ionic compounds

47
Q

What are weak electrolytes?

A

Weak acids or bases

48
Q

What is dissociation?

A

When an ionic solid dissolves in water

49
Q

What is ionisation?

A

When a covalent molecular substance dissolves in water to form ions.

50
Q

Why do partially ionised/dissociated reactions occur?

A

as a weak electrolyte or non-electrolyte is used

51
Q

What are non-electrolytes?

A

most covalent molecular substances, as they don’t conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution

52
Q

What happens when an acid and ammonia react?

A

H attaches to the NH3 (not H2O) to produce NH4+

eg. HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) —-> NH4Cl(aq)

53
Q

What happens when ammonia reacts with water?

A

Ammonia is considered a weak base due to the production of OH- ions when it reacts with water,

NH3(g) + H2O(l) —> NH4+ + OH-

54
Q

What happens when ammonium salt reacts with a base?

A

ammonium ion is considered to be a weak acid. Meaning it will react with a base to produce a salt and water, however ammonia gas will also be produced in the reaction

NaOH + NH4Cl —> NaCl(aq) + NH3(g) +H2O

55
Q

Name 6 acidic ions

A 
NH4+
Al3+
Fe3+
HCO3-
H2PO4-
HSO4-
56
Q

Name 3 basic ions. And a one weakly base.

A

SO4^2-
CO3^2-
HCO3-

PO4^3-

MEHC U2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions