Acids And Bases

Question 1

What kind of acid is in lemons and grapefruits

Answer 1

Citric acid

Question 2

What kind of acid is in sour milk

Answer 2

Lactic acid

Question 3

What kind of acid is in nettle an ant stings

Answer 3

Formic acid

Question 4

What kind of acid is in your stomach

Answer 4

Hydrochloric acid

Question 5

What are indicators

Answer 5

They show by means of a colour change whether a substance is acidic or basic

Question 6

What are alkalis

Answer 6

Bases that dissolve in water

Question 7

What do you use to find ph of something

Answer 7

Universal indicator or pH sensor attached to a data logger and a computer

Question 8

What are the most common laboratory acids

Answer 8

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 9

What are the most common laboratory bases

Answer 9

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

Question 10

What is another name for sodium hydroxide and what is it used for

Answer 10

Caustic soda and to clear block drains

Question 11

What is another name for calcium hydroxide and what is it used for

Answer 11

Limewater and to test for the presence of carbon dioxide

Question 12

What are antacids

Answer 12

They are bases that cure stomach upsets by reacting with the excess acid in stomach-> neutralisation ex bee sting, baking soda

Question 13

How is a neutralisation reaction represented as

Answer 13

Acid +base=salt+water

HCl +NaOH=NaCl+H2O

Question 14

How is a salt formed

Answer 14

A salt is formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by metal

Question 15

What is equation for acids and limestone

Answer 15

Calcium carbonate+hydrochloric acid= calcium chloride+water+ carbon dioxide

CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2

Question 16

What is titration

Answer 16

It is the method of adding one solution from a burette to another solution in order to find out how much of the two solutions will just react with each other

Question 17

What is a fuel

Answer 17

It is any substance that burns oxygen to produce heat

Question 18

What are fossil fuels

Answer 18

They are fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago ex. Coal,oil and natural gas

Question 19

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 19

They are compounds consisting of hydrogen and oxygen only. Fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons

Question 20

What is equation of fossil fuels

Answer 20

Fossil fuels+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water

Question 21

What is acid rain

Answer 21

It is rainwater with a ph less than 5.5. It consist of sulfuric acid and nitric acid

Question 22

Where does sulfuric acid come from

Answer 22

It comes from sulfur dioxide (SO2) it is produced when oil and coal are burned in power stations and factories and then dissolved in water (vapour)

Question 23

Where does nitric acid come from

Answer 23

It comes from emission of motor cars. Car engines take in nitrogen and oxygen and emit oxides of nitrogen. The oxides of nitrogen dissolve in water forming nitric acid

Question 24

What kind of acid is in vitamine c

Answer 24

Ascorbic acid

Question 25

What re the problems of acid rain

Answer 25

• it destroys lakes and kills fish (aluminium)
• it harms trees by damaging fiolage and removing minerals
• it wears away stone and iron buildings

Question 26

What are the solutions to acid rain

Answer 26

• remove sulfur dioxide from emissions of power stations
• reduce sulfur content of fuels like oil and gas
• install catalysts to remove oxides of nitrogen
• burn less fossil fuels and use other sources like wind