Acids and Bases Flashcards
What makes an acid an acid?
When mixed with water, all acids release hydrogen ions (H+). They produce H+ ions in an aqueous solution i.e they’re proton donors.
It has a pH of less than 7.
What makes a base a base?
They do the opposite of acids- they want to grab H+ ions.They remove H+ ions from an aqueous solution i.e they’re proton acceptors.
It is a substance with a pH greater than 7.
What is the general formula for an acid base reaction?
Acid + base –> Salt + water
What is the equation for the reaction between metal oxides and acids?
Metal oxide + acid –> salt + water
What is the general for the reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid?
Metal hydroxide + acid –> salt + water
What is the equation for the reaction of acids with metals?
Metal + acid –> metal salt + hydrogen
What is the equation for the reaction of acids with carbonates?
Metal carbonate + acid –> metal salt + carbon dioxide + water
What are strong acids?
Strong acids dissociate/ionise almost completely in water- nearly all the H+ ions will be released.
What are strong bases?
Strong bases ionise almost completely in water too.
What are weak acids?
Dissociate only very slightly in water- so only small numbers of H+ ions are formed- the equilibrium lies well over to the left.
What are weak bases?
Only slightly ionise in water- the equilibrium lies well over to the left.
What are alkalis?
Bases that dissolve in water.
What is a conjugate pair?
Two molecular species that easily transfer a hydrogen ion between them, especially from the acid to the base.
What is the pH scale a measure of?
Hydrogen ion concentration.
How can you work out pH from hydrogen ion concentration?
-log10( x )