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F325 Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes an acid an acid?

A

When mixed with water, all acids release hydrogen ions (H+). They produce H+ ions in an aqueous solution i.e they’re proton donors.
It has a pH of less than 7.

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2
Q

What makes a base a base?

A

They do the opposite of acids- they want to grab H+ ions.They remove H+ ions from an aqueous solution i.e they’re proton acceptors.
It is a substance with a pH greater than 7.

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3
Q

What is the general formula for an acid base reaction?

A

Acid + base –> Salt + water

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4
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between metal oxides and acids?

A

Metal oxide + acid –> salt + water

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5
Q

What is the general for the reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid?

A

Metal hydroxide + acid –> salt + water

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6
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of acids with metals?

A

Metal + acid –> metal salt + hydrogen

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7
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of acids with carbonates?

A

Metal carbonate + acid –> metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

What are strong acids?

A

Strong acids dissociate/ionise almost completely in water- nearly all the H+ ions will be released.

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9
Q

What are strong bases?

A

Strong bases ionise almost completely in water too.

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10
Q

What are weak acids?

A

Dissociate only very slightly in water- so only small numbers of H+ ions are formed- the equilibrium lies well over to the left.

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11
Q

What are weak bases?

A

Only slightly ionise in water- the equilibrium lies well over to the left.

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12
Q

What are alkalis?

A

Bases that dissolve in water.

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13
Q

What is a conjugate pair?

A

Two molecular species that easily transfer a hydrogen ion between them, especially from the acid to the base.

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14
Q

What is the pH scale a measure of?

A

Hydrogen ion concentration.

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15
Q

How can you work out pH from hydrogen ion concentration?

A

-log10( x )

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16
Q

The ionic product of water Kw is…

A

…always the same at a certain temperature.

1 x 10-14

17
Q

How can you work out Kw?

A

Multiply Kc by [H2O]

18
Q

What are the units of Kw?

A

mol2dm-6

19
Q

What does monobasic mean?

A

One mole of acid produces one mole of hydrogen ions.

20
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids or alkali are added.

21
Q

Describe, in terms of equilibrium, how strong and weak acids differ in the way they dissolve in water.

A

Strong: equilibriumt is far to the left.
Weak: equilibrium is far to the right.

22
Q

Explain how the choice of the indicator is linked to the pH curve.

A

pH range (of the indicator) matches vertical section/rapid pH change

F325 Chemistry (10 decks)

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