Acids And Bases

Question 0

What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?

Answer 0

It is a substance that dissolves is water to produce OH- ions

Question 1

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

Answer 1

It is a substance that dissolves in water to produce H+ (H3O+) ions

Question 2

What is a Bronster-Lowry Acid?

Answer 2

It is a proton donor

Question 3

What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

Answer 3

It is a proton acceptor

Question 4

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Answer 4

Any pair of molecules or ions that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton (aka when an acid turns into its conjugate base or when a base turns into its conjugate acid)

Question 5

What do strong acids and bases do in water?

Answer 5

Completely ionize

Question 6

What do weak acids and bases do in water?

Answer 6

Partially ionize

Question 7

Pka=?

Answer 7

-logKa

Question 8

Stronger acids have _____Ka values and therefore ______pKa values

Answer 8

1. ) Larger

2. ) Smaller

Question 9

Some common weak organic acids are:

Answer 9

• Carboxylic acids

- Compounds containing the -COOH group (carboxyl)

Question 10

The position of equilibrium in an acid base reaction favors reaction of the _____ acid (____pKa value) with the _____base to form the ______ acid (______pKa value) and the _____ base.

Answer 10

1. ) Stronger
2. ) Lower
3. ) Stronger
4. ) Weaker
5. ) Higher
6. ) Weaker

Question 11

What is thermochemistry?

Answer 11

The study of energy of the entire system at each moment of a reaction

Question 12

If the products are more stable than reactants, the overall thermodynamics are favorable for reaction and the step is ______

Answer 12

Exergonic

Question 13

If products are less stable than reactants, the overall thermodynamics are not favorable for reaction and the step is ______

Answer 13

Endergonic

Question 14

What is kinetics?

Answer 14

The study of rates of chemical reactions

Question 15

The lower the free energy of activation, the _____ the rate of the reaction

Answer 15

Faster

Question 16

What is enthalpy?

Answer 16

It is the energy contained within chemical bonds and solvation

Question 17

What happens in an exothermic reaction?

Answer 17

Heat is released because bonds are formed in the product that are stronger than the bonds that were broken in the starting material

Question 18

What happens in an endothermic reaction?

Answer 18

The bonds formed in the product are weaker than those broken in the starting materials, so heat is absorbed

Question 19

What is entropy?

Answer 19

Entropy is the measure of chaos

Question 20

What is a Lewis Acid?

Answer 20

It is a species that can form a new covalent bond by accepting a pair of electrons

Question 21

What is a Lewis Base?

Answer 21

It is a species that can form a new covalent bond by donating a pair of electrons

Question 22

All Brønsted-Lowry acids (_____) are also Lewis acids

Answer 22

Proton donors

Question 23

All Bronster Lowery bases (________) are also Lewis Bases

Answer 23

Proton acceptors