Acids and bases

Question 1

HCl

Answer 1

strong acid, hydrochloric acid

Question 2

HBr

Answer 2

strong acid, hydrobromic acid

Question 3

HI

Answer 3

strong acid, hydroiodic acid

Question 4

HNO3

Answer 4

strong acid, nitric acid

Question 5

HClO4

Answer 5

strong acid, perchloric acid

Question 6

H2SO4

Answer 6

strong acid, sulfuric acid

Question 7

LiOH

Answer 7

strong base, lithium hydroxide

Question 8

NaOH

Answer 8

strong base, sodium hydroxide

Question 9

KOH

Answer 9

strong base, potassium hydroxide

Question 10

Ca(OH)2

Answer 10

strong base, calcium hydroxide

Question 11

Ba(OH)2

Answer 11

strong base, barium hydroxide

Question 12

Sr(OH)2

Answer 12

strong base, strontium hydroxide

Question 13

CH3COOH

Answer 13

weak acid, acetic acid

weak base: CH2COO-

Question 14

NH3

Answer 14

weak base, ammonia

weak acid: NH4 +

Question 15

H2CO3

Answer 15

weak acid, carbonic acid
weak base: CO3 2-
gas forming reactions

Question 16

H2C2O4

Answer 16

weak acid, oxalic acid

weak base: C2O4 2-

Question 17

H2SO3

Answer 17

weak acid, sulfurous acid
weak base: SO3 2-
gas forming reactions

Question 18

H2S

Answer 18

weak acid, hydrogen sulfide

weak base: S 2-

Question 19

H3PO4

Answer 19

weak acid, phosphoric acid

weak base: PO4 3-

Question 20

HCN

Answer 20

weak acid, hydrogen cyanide
weak base: CN-
(killed Lewis)

Question 21

HF

Answer 21

weak acid, hydrofluoric acid

weak base: F-

Question 22

HNO2

Answer 22

weak acid, nitrous acid

weak base: NO2-

Question 23

HClO

Answer 23

weak acid, hypochlorous acid

weak base: ClO-

Question 24

relate pH and [H+]

Answer 24

pH = -log([H+])

Question 25

relate [OH-] and [H+]

Answer 25

[OH-] [H+] = 10^(-14)

Question 26

strong acid/base (definition)

Answer 26

an acid/base that disassociates completely in an aqueous solution

Question 27

acid (definition)

Answer 27

a chemical that donates H+ (Bronsted-Lowry acid) and/or accepts electrons (Lewis acid)

Question 28

Lewis acid (definition)

Answer 28

a chemical that is an electron pair acceptor (when bonding, think about Lewis structure) ex: BF3

Question 29

Lewis base (definition)

Answer 29

a chemical that is an electron pair donor (when bonding, think about Lewis structure)

Question 30

Bronsted-Lowry acid (definition)

Answer 30

a chemical that donates a H+ | ex: HCl

Question 31

Bronsted-Lowry base (definition)

Answer 31

a chemical that accepts H+ | ex: KOH

Question 32

litmus paper

Answer 32

red: acid blue: base

Question 33

buffer solution (definition)

Answer 33

an aqueous solution of a weak conjugate acid-base pair; resists a change in pH when acid or base is added in small enough quantities

Question 34

weak acid/base (definition)

Answer 34

an acid/base that does not disassociate completely in an aqueous solution

Question 35

electrolyte

Answer 35

a solute that produces ions in solution

Question 36

strong vs weak electrolyte

Answer 36

a strong electrolyte disassociates completely into ions (salts, strong acids/bases), a weak electrolyte only partially disassociates (weak acids/bases)