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Chemistry 12 > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

According to Arrhenius’ theory, what do acids release in water?

A

H⁺

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2
Q

According to Arrhenius’ theory, what do bases release in water?

A

OH⁻

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3
Q

According to Arrhenius’ theory, how can you identify if a compound is an acid?

A

It is ionic and the cation is hydrogen (H⁺)

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4
Q

According to Arrhenius’ theory, how can you identify if a compound is a base?

A

It is ionic and the anion is hydroxide (OH⁻)

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5
Q

According to Arrhenius’ theory, when you mix an acid and a base you get…

A

Water and a salt

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6
Q

When you mix an acid and a base this is called a _______ reaction

A

Neutralization

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7
Q

Complete the neutralization reaction and balance it: Ca(OH)₂ + HBr –>

A

Ca(OH)₂ + 2HBr –> 2H₂O + CaBr₂

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8
Q

Acids taste ___

A

tart/sour

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9
Q

Bases taste ___

A

bitter

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10
Q

Acids have a ____ texture

A

Rough

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11
Q

Bases have a ____ texture

A

Slippery

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12
Q

Acids turn litmus paper ____ (colour)

A

Red

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13
Q

Bases turn litmus paper ____ (colour)

A

Blue

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14
Q

The pH of acids is over/under 7

A

under

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15
Q

The pH of bases is over/under 7

A

over

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16
Q

Acids/Bases/Both acids and bases conduct electricity

A

Both acids and bases

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17
Q

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that donates an H⁺ (a proton) to another substance

18
Q

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is a base?

A

A base is a substance that accepts an H⁺ (a proton) from another substance

19
Q

What is a Monoprotic acid?

A

An acid that donates one proton (ex. HCl, HBr)

20
Q

What is a Diprotic acid?

A

An acid that donates two protons (ex. H₂SO₄)

21
Q

What is a Triprotic acid?

A

An acid that donates three protons (ex. H₃PO₄)

22
Q

What is a Polyprotic acid?

A

An acid that donates more than one proton (not a specific amount)

23
Q

What is an Amphoteric substance?

A

A substance that can act as an acid and as a base

24
Q

What is an Amphiprotic substance?

A

A substance that can donate or accept protons

25
Q

Amphiprotic substances have a ____ charge and an easily removable ____

A

Negative, Hydrogen

26
Q

What is a strong acid/base?

A

An strong acid/base fully ionizes or dissociate in a solution (see strong acids/bases on table)

27
Q

What is a weak acid/base?

A

A weak acid/base does not fully ionize or dissociate in a solution. This results in an equilibrium with protons being constantly transferred

28
Q

Can you tell if an acid is weak by looking at the concentration?

A

No, the strength of an acid is dependent on the compound and concentration has no hold over that

29
Q

Which is the stronger acid?: HC₂O₄ or HC₆H₅O₇²⁻

A

HC₂O₄ (You must always check the acidity table in the data booklet)

30
Q

Which has the stronger concentration of H⁺?: HF or H₂S

A

HF - this is the same as asking what the stronger acid is, as the more hydrogen a substance has, the more acidic it is

31
Q

What is a conjugate acid/base pair?

A

A conjugate acid/base pair is a pair of chemical species which differ by one proton

32
Q

What do you have to do to find the conjugate acid of a substance?

A

Add a proton (H⁺)

33
Q

How do you find the conjugate base of a substance?

A

Remove a proton (if applicable)

34
Q

What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a neutral solution?

A

[H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻]

35
Q

What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in an acidic solution?

A

[H₃O⁺] > [OH⁻]

36
Q

What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a basic solution?

A

[H₃O⁺] < [OH⁻]

37
Q

When a strong acid reacts with a strong base, a great deal of _____ is released

A

Heat

38
Q

What is the self-ionization of water?

A

When water ionizes to hydrogen and water (H₂O + heat —> H⁺ + OH⁻)

39
Q

The self-ionization of water can be written in two ways:

A

1) H₂O + heat –> H⁺ + OH⁻
2) 2H₂O + heat –> H₃O⁺ + OH⁻

40
Q

The equilibrium expression for the self-ionization of water is (number):

A

Kw = 1.00x10-14 (at 25°)

41
Q

What is the equation for Kw?

A

[H⁺][OH⁻]
or
[H₃O⁺][OH⁻]

42
Q
A

Chemistry 12 (1 decks)

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