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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

In regard to Lewis acid and bases, which is the donor/acceptor?

A

Acid – electron acceptor

Base – electron donor

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2
Q

In regard to Bronsted-Lowry acid and bases, which is the donor/acceptor?

A

Acid – proton donor

Base – proton acceptor

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3
Q

Is water an acid or base?

A

It can be both

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4
Q

What happens to a strong acid when dissolved in water?

A

completely ionize (break apart into ions) when dissolved in water

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5
Q

What are the six examples of strong acids given in class?

A

HCl

HBr

HI

HNO3

HClO4

H2SO4

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6
Q

What happens to weak acids in water?

A

partially ionize when dissolved in water

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7
Q

What are the four examples of weak acids given in class?

A

HF

H2CO3

H3PO4

organic acids

(carboxylic acids, protonated drugs, etc)

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8
Q

Strong acids have _____ conjugate bases.

A

Weak

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9
Q

Weak acids have ____ conjugate bases.

A

Strong

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10
Q

What happens to a strong base in water?

A

completely ionize (break apart into ions) when dissolved in water

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11
Q

What were the six examples used in class for strong bases?

A

LiOH

NaOH

KOH

Sr(OH)2

Ca(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

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12
Q

What happens to weak bases in water?

A

partially ionize when dissolved in water

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13
Q

What were the three examples of weak bases from class?

A

Mg(OH)2

transition metal hydroxides

NH3

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14
Q

Water acting as an acid or base means that water is what?

A

Amphoteric

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15
Q

What is Kw (water constant)?

A

measure of the self ionization of water

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16
Q

What pH is neutral?

A

7

17
Q

What pH is acidic?

A

<7

18
Q

What pH is basic?

A

> 7

19
Q

pH is logarithmic. What does that mean?

A

A change of 1 is a factor of 10.

i.e., a pH of 6 is 10x more acidic than a pH of 7.

i.e. a pH of 5 is 100x more acidic than a pH of 7.

20
Q

On the pH scale, where do we like to be?

A

7.35-7.45

21
Q

What pH is acidosis?

A

7-7.35

22
Q

What pH does acidosis death occur?

A

<7

23
Q

What pH is alkalosis?

A

7.45-7.8

24
Q

What pH does alkalosis death occur?

A

> 7.8

25
Q

Acid strength is relative, and depends on what? What is this known as?

A

depends on the ability of the group to give up a proton.

Acid-dossociation constant (Ka) –> see formula sheet for Ka = ([H3O+][A-])/[HA]

26
Q

What happens as Ka gets larger?

A

easier it is to remove the proton (more acidic)

27
Q

Lower values of pKa mean what?

A

More acidic

28
Q

pH is on a how many point scale?

A

0-14

29
Q

pKa is on a how many point scale?

A

-20 to 60

30
Q

What is the pKa of water?

A

16

31
Q

Do weak acids dissociate completely?

A

No, only strong acids/bases do.

Weak acids/bases don’t fully dissociate in water.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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