Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is an acid?
An acid is a substance that dissolves in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) that donate a proton
What is a base?
base produces hydroxide ions (OH-) can accept protons
What is a Lewis acid?
Is an electron pair acceptor
What is a Lewis base?
Bases in an electron its a donor
What is a monoprotic acid?
This means that it can only donate one mole of protons per mole such as HCL,CH3 and COOH.
What is a diprotic acid?
Means that they can only donate two moles of protons per mole of acid
What is triprotic acid?
Can donate three moles of protons per mole of acid
What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
A proton donor
What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A proton acceptor
What is pH?
The acidity of a an aqueous solution depends on the number of H+ ions in a solution.
How to calculate pH?
pH=-log10(H+)
How do you calculate the number of proton in a solution?
[H+]=10-pH
What does the concentration of H+ ions determine?
The strength of acid as the higher concentration of H+ ions because acid fully dissociated so 1-3 and when a weak acid will have a lower concentration of H+ ions so between 5-7
How to calculate weak acids ?
Weak acids only partially dissociate when dissolved in water. HA<->H+ + A- which you can work out using the same equation for pp to find out Ka.
How to calculate pH of weak acid?
Make two assumptions that they have fully dissociated at a 1:1 ratio as [H+]=[A-] as the amount of dissociation is small so assume the concentration of HA stays the same then - log base 10 your answer to receive the pH
How to calculate pH of strong acids?
Completely dissociate therefore the hydrogen ions in a monoprotic strong acid will have the same concentration the original concentration of the acid added to the pH equation give you the answer
What is the ionic products in water?
In all aqueous solutions and pure water the following occurs H20<->[H+]+[OH-] which gives you the equation Kw=[H+][OH-]
How to find the pH of pure water?
Pure water is neutral because the Kw=[H+][OH-] turns into Kw=[H+]2 as [H+]=[OH-]
How do you calculate pH of a strong base?
Need to work out concentration of H+ ions using the Kw expression by using the Kw/[OH-]=[H+] then plug this into the pH equation
