Acids and Bases

Question 1

Arrhenius theory: Acids

Answer 1

Produce hydrogen ions (H+/H3O+/hydronium ions) in aqueous solution.

Question 2

Arrhenius theory: Bases

Answer 2

Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution

Question 3

Lowry-Brønsted theory: An acid

Answer 3

Is a proton (H+ ion) donor.

Question 4

Lowry-Brønsted theory: A base

Answer 4

Is a proton (H+ ion) acceptor.

Question 5

Strong acids

Answer 5

Ionise completely in water to form a high concentration of H3O + ions.

Question 6

Weak acids

Answer 6

Ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of H3O+ ions

Question 7

Strong bases

Answer 7

Dissociate completely in water to form a high concentration of OHions.

Question 8

Weak bases

Answer 8

Dissociate/ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of OH- ions

Question 9

Concentrated acids/bases

Answer 9

Contain a large amount (number of moles) of acid/base in
proportion to the volume of water.

Question 10

Dilute acids/bases

Answer 10

Contain a small amount (number of moles) of acid/base in proportion
to the volume of water.

Question 11

ampholyte

Answer 11

A substance that can act as either acid or base.

Question 12

hydrolysis

Answer 12

The reaction of a salt with water

Question 13

equivalence point of a titration

Answer 13

The point at which the acid/base has
completely reacted with the base/acid.

Question 14

the endpoint of a titration

Answer 14

The point where the indicator changes colour.

Question 15

pH scale

Answer 15

A scale of numbers from 0 to 14 used to express the acidity or
alkalinity of a solution

Question 16

Kw

Answer 16

The equilibrium constant for the ionisation of water or the ion product of water or the ionisation constant of water.

Question 17

auto-ionisation of water

Answer 17

The reaction of water with itself to form H3O+ ions and OH ions.