Acids And Bases Flashcards
Substances that tastes sour, turns blue litmus red
Acids
Substances that tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue
Base
What acid base definition?
Acid: substance that produces H+ in aq sol’n
Base: substance that produces OH- in aq sol’n
Arrhenius
What acid base definition?
Acid: proton donor
Base: proton acceptor
Bronsted Lowry
Conjugate acid has 1H+ _____ while conjugate base has 1H+ ______
more, less
Substances that can act either as acid or base
Amphoteric
Substances that can either accept or donate proton
Amphiprotic
Water, bicarbonate, and bisulfate are all amphoteric and amphiprotic
In oxoacids, in general the one with the most O is the strongest
What acid base definition?
Acid: electron pair acceptor
Base: electron pair donor
Lewis
Recall forms of aqua acid, hydroxoacids, and oxoacids
M(H20)n^m+
M(OH)n
OpE(OH)q
Examples of mononuclear acids, the simplest oxoacids
HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, H3PO4
Acidic proton on a water molecule coordinated toa central metal ion.
Aqua acids
Acidic proton on a hydroxyl group without oxo group
Hydroxoacids
Acidic proton on a hydroxyl group with an oxo group attached to the same atom
Oxoacids
Introduced the classifications of substances as hard and soft acids and bases
R.G. Pearson
AQUAHYD-IC
OXO-ENRES
In general, acids are identified as hard or soft by the thermodynamic stability of the complexes they form
Hard acid: smaller size, greater charge
Soft acid: greater size, smaller charge
Polarization refers to the tendency of anion to be polarized. The greater size, more polarizable. Therefore,
Hard: less polarizable
Soft: more polarizable
Polarizing power:
Polarizing power: power of cation to polarize anion. Therefore
Hard: more polarizing
Soft: less polarizing
Factors that affect polarization. Fajans Rule
CAT ANnoys CHA and ELle
Factors that influence acidity
CARDIO
