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Chemistry > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Neutral salt:

A

A neutral salt is a compound formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, where the resulting solution is neither acidic nor basic.

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2
Q

Definition of amphoteric oxides:

A

An amphoteric compound can react both as an acid and as a base. These compounds can either donate or accept protons (H⁺), or they can react with both acids and bases.

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3
Q

Acid

A

An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ (aq) ions (or H3O+) as the only positive ions

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4
Q

H3O+

A

In aqueous solution, H+ ions bond to water molecues to form H3O+ ions, called hydronium ions.

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5
Q

when will acids show their properties

A

When dissolved in water`

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6
Q

Basicity

A

Number of ionisable hydrogen ions produced by a molecue of the acid

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7
Q

Concentration of acids

A

amount of acid dissolved per unit volume of water

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8
Q

Properties of acids

A

Sour taste
dissolve in water
turn blue litmus paper red
react with reactive metals
all acids are good conductors of electricty
able to change the colour of indicators

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9
Q

Non-reactive metals

A

Copper, silver, gold and platinum

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10
Q

Uses of sulfuric acid

A

making detergents, fertilisers and car batteries

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11
Q

Uses of hydrochloric acid

A

In leather processing and cleaning materials

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12
Q

Base

A

A substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions

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13
Q

Properties of alkalis

A

Alkalis have a bitter taste and soapy feel
They turn red litmus paper blue
They produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
all alkalis are good conductors of electricty
able to change the colour of indicators

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14
Q

When alkalis react with acids

A

They go through neutralisation and form salt and water only

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15
Q

Uses of ammonia solution

A

Window cleaning solutions and fertilisers

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16
Q

Uses of calcium oxide

A

In neutralising acidic soil
To make iron, concrete and sement

17
Q

Uses of magnesium hydroxide

A

in toothpaste to neutralise acid on the teeth
In antacids to relieve gastric problems and indigestion

18
Q

Uses of sodium hydroxide

A

Making soap and detergents
Industrial-cleaning detergents

19
Q

Universal indicator

A

Acidic: Red
Neutral: Green
Alkaline: Purple

20
Q

Methyl orange

A

Acidic: Red
Neutral: Orange
Alkaline: Yellow

21
Q

Phenolphthalein

A

Acidic: Colourless
Neutral: Pale Pink
Alkaline: Pink

22
Q

Examples of acidic oxide

A

oxides of non-metal, dissolve in water to form an acid
CO2
SO2 (Sulfur dioxide)
SO3 (Sulfur trioxide)
P4O10 (Phosphorus pentoxide
)

23
Q

Properties of basic oxide

A

oxides of metals
most are insoluble in water, except for sodium oxide, potassium oxide (alkalis)
Solid at room temperature

24
Q

Examples of amphoteric oxides

A

metallic oxides that react with both acids and bases to form salts and water

Al2O3
PbO
ZnO

25
Q

Examples of neutral oxide

A

neither basic nor acidic and insoluble in water

H2O
CO (carbon monoxide)
NO (nitric oxide)

26
Q

Arrhenius bases

A

NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
NH3
Na2CO3

27
Q

soluble salts

A

All nitrates are soluble
All halides (Cl-, Br- and I-) are soluble except Ag+ and Pb2+
All sulfates are soluble except Pb2+, Ba2+ and Ca2+
All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble

28
Q

insoluble salts

A

All carbonates are insoluble except for Na+,K+ and NH4+
All oxides are insoluble except Na+ and K+
All hydroxides are insoluble except Na+ and K+. Ba2+ and Ca2+ are sparingly soluble

29
Q

A white solid is seen around the stopper of a bottle containing sodium hydroxide solution. Which substance has reacted with sodium hydroxide to form the solid?

A

Carbon dioxide in the air (the solid is sodium carbonate)

30
Q

metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series

A

Cu, Ag, Au(gold), pt (platinum), they will be extracted from their oxide

31
Q

metals below carbon

A

Zn,Fe,Sn(tin),Pb

Chemistry (9 decks)

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