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chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 physical properties of acids?

A
  1. Acids have a sour taste.
  2. Acids are electrolytes. They ionise to form mobile ions when dissolved in water, which act as mobile charge carriers to conduct electricity.
  3. Acids have a pH of below 7. (turn blue litmus paper red).
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2
Q

What do acids react with bases to form?

A

Salt and water in a neutralisation reaction.

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3
Q

What do acids react with reactive metals to form?

A

A salt and a hydrogen gas.

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4
Q

What do acids react with carbonate to form?

A

A salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

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5
Q

What metals are unreactive metals? (do not react with acids)

A

Cu, Ag, Au

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6
Q

When do acids display their properties?

A

Only when dissolved in water.

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7
Q

Are all compounds that contain hydrogen acidic?

A

No. Only molecular compounds that ionise to form hydrogen ions are acidic.

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8
Q

What does the strength of an acid refer to?

A

The extent of ionisation. (to form hydrogen ions)

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9
Q

What does the concentration of acid refer to?

A

The amount of it per unit volume.

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10
Q

What are the three types of basicity’s of acids?

A

Monobasic, Dibasic, Tribasic

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11
Q

How do you test for hydrogen gas?

A

Place a burning splint at the mouth of the test tube. Hydrogen gas extinguishes the burning splint with a “pop” sound.

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12
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide gas?

A
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13
Q

Name one example of a monobasic acid and a dibasic acid.

A

Monobasic – Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Dibasic – Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

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14
Q

Explain why 0.100mol/dm^3 sulfuric acid has a higher concentration of H+ ions than 0.100mol/dm^3 hydrochloric acid.

A

Sulfuric acid has a higher concentration of H+ ions. Both acids have the same concentration and strengths. However, they have different basicity. Sulfuric acid is dibasic, so it produces 0.200mol/dm^3 of hydrogen ions. Hydrochloric acid is a monobasic acid, so it will produce only 0.100mol/dm^3 of hydrogen ions.

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15
Q

What do bases form when reacted with ammonium salts?

A

Salt, water, and ammonium salts.

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16
Q

What 2 substances do bases contain?

A

Oxide ions (O2-)
hydroxide ions (OH-) – produced by alkali

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17
Q

How do you test for ammonia gas?

A

Ammonia turns a damp red litmus paper blue.

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18
Q

What bases are insoluble?

A

Copper (II) oxide (CuO), and Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3)

19
Q

What are soluble bases also known as?

A

Alkali

20
Q

What are the 4 physical properties of alkali?

A
  1. Turns red litmus paper blue
  2. Is an electrolyte
  3. Feels slippery and soapy
  4. Tastes bitter
21
Q

Give an example of a strong alkali and a weak alkali.

A

Sodium hydroxide (strong), Aqueous ammonia (weak)

22
Q

What pH range does a strong alkali have and what is its level of dissociation?

A

pH range of 10-14 and dissociates completely

23
Q

What pH range does a weak alkali have and what is its level of dissociation?

A

pH range of 7-10 and dissociates partially

24
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an acidic solution and alkaline solution?

A

Red in acidic solution and Yellow in alkaline solution.

25
Q

Which indicators change colour at the 3-5 pH range?

A

Methyl orange and screened methyl orange.

26
Q

What colour is Litmus in acidic solution in alkaline solution?

A

Red in acidic solution and Blue in alkaline solution.

27
Q

What pH range does litmus change colour at?

A

pH 5-8

28
Q

What colour is Thymolphthalein in acidic and alkaline solutions and what pH range does it change colour in?

A

Colourless in acidic solution and blue in alkaline solution.

29
Q

What colour is Bromothymol blue in acidic solution and alkaline solution?

A

Yellow/pink in acidic solution
green endpoint in alkaline solution.

30
Q

What colour does a strong acid and weak acid turn Green Universal Indicator?

A

Strong acid –> Turns red

Weak acid –> Turns yellow/orange

31
Q

What is the equation to calculate pH?

A

pH = -lg [H+]

32
Q

How do you calculate [H+] ions given the pH?

A

[H+] = 10^whatever the pH is

33
Q

What does the equivalence point refer to in titration?

A

The volume of reactants.

34
Q

What is the purpose of “liming” soil, and what is slaked lime made of?

A

Increases the pH level of the soil, reducing its acidity. Slaked line is calcium hydroxide.

35
Q

What are the main elements of fertiliser?

A

Ammonia and Nitrogen.

36
Q

What kind of oxides are most metal oxides?

A

Basic oxides.

37
Q

What are the properties of basic oxides?

A

Display basic properties, and are solid at room temperature.

38
Q

What metal oxides are not basic?

A

Zinc oxide, Aluminium oxide, Lead oxide.

39
Q

What kind of oxides are most non-metals?

A

Acidic oxides.

40
Q

What are the 4 types of oxides?

A
  1. Basic
  2. Acidic
  3. Amphoteric
  4. Neutral
41
Q

Name 3 neutral oxides?

A

H2O, CO, NO

42
Q

How would you determine how to prepare a salt, and how should you prepare it based on these conditions?

A

Solubility of salt in water, and solubility of the starting materials in water.

Insoluble –> prepared by precipitation
Soluble –> prepared by reactions of acid

43
Q

What salts cannot be prepared using the RAWIS method?

A

SPA: Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium

44
Q
A

chemistry (3 decks)

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