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Chapter 6: Acids and Bases > ACIDS AND BASES > Flashcards

ACIDS AND BASES Flashcards

1
Q

What are the properties of acids?

A
  • Corrosive
  • Sour tasting
  • reacts with metals
  • neutralises effects of bases
  • releases H+ ions in solutions
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2
Q

What are examples of acids?

A
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • citric acid
  • lactic acid
  • carbonic acid
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3
Q

What makes an acid strong or weak?

A

The strength of an acid depends on how easily it can donate it’s hydrogen ions (H+)

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4
Q

What are the properties of bases?

A
  • Taste bitter
  • can burn
  • neutralise effects of acids
  • releases OH- ions in solution
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5
Q

What are examples of bases?

A
  • sodium hydroxide
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • toothpaste
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6
Q

What makes a base strong or weak?

A

Strong bases produces lots of hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Weak bases produces only a few OH- ions.

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7
Q

What is another word for a base?

A

alkali

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8
Q

What is a universal indicator?

A

A universal indicator indicates whether a substance is an acid or a base. There are two main types of universal indicators: litmus paper and the universal indicator.

When the litmus paper turns red it means it is an acid and when it turns blue it means it is a base.

When the universal indicator turns red it means it is an acid and when it turns purple it is a base. Red means it is a strong acid, orange to yellow means it is a weak acid, green means it is neutral, dark blue means weak base and purple means strong base.

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9
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A scale from 0-14 that tells you how acidic or basic a solution is.

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10
Q

What pH are acidic, neutral and basic substances

A
  • Strong acid: Have a pH of 1 to 2
  • Acidic Solutions: Have a pH less than 7
  • Neutral solutions: Have a pH of 7
  • Basic Solutions: Have a pH more than 7
  • Strong base: Have a pH of 12 to 14
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11
Q

How can we change the pH of a substance?

A
  • To make an acid become neutral you add water .
  • To make a base become neutral you add water
  • This process is called neutralisation
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12
Q

What ion do acidic substances release?

A

H+ ions

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13
Q

What ion do basic substances release?

A

OH- ions

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14
Q

What is special about water and the ions it releases?

A

Water is neutral so it releases both H+ and OH- ions

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15
Q

Name a commonly used strong acid

A

Hydrochloric acid

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16
Q

Name a commonly used strong Base

A

Sodium Hydroxide

17
Q

What products are formed when you react a metal with an acid?

A

Salt + hydrogen

18
Q

Worded equation for different metal + dilute acids. Give an example using the metal zinc and nitric acid.

A

Equation:
metal + dilute acid → salt + hydrogen.

Example:
Zinc + nitric acid → zinc nitrate + hydrogen

19
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

It is a reaction where an acid and a base react together to form water (pH of 7: neutral)

20
Q

What products are formed when there is a neutralisation reaction?

A

salt + water

21
Q

Worded equation for different bases + acids. Give an example using hydrochloric acid and the base sodium hydroxide.

A

Equation:
Acid + base → salt + water.

Example:
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water

22
Q

What are some harmful effects of ocean acidification?

A
  • it reduces the amount of carbonate in the water.
  • makes it difficult for organisms to form shells
    existing shells can dissolve because of the acid
23
Q

What is ocean acidification?

A

Ocean acidification is when the amount of carbon dioxide increases because the ocean absorbs it. A chemical reaction occurs causing the water to become more acidic.

24
Q

What is acid rain

A

Large amounts of waste gases from industry and motor vehicles are making rain more acidic than normal.

25
Q

Why is normal rain slightly acidic

A

Rain is normally slightly acidic because carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in raindrops to form carbonic acid

26
Q

What are some harmful effects of acid rain?

A
  • trees can get killed
  • effects lakes, rivers, etc and kill life in there
27
Q

What defines an Endothermic and Exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic reactions are when energy is absorbed and temperatures decrease making the product cold.

Exothermic reactions are when energy is given off and temperatures are increased making the product hot.

28
Q

Explain photosynthesis

A

Plants use the energy from sunlight to produce food in the form of a simple sugar called glucose. This reaction is endothermic and creates the products sugar + oxygen

29
Q

Worded equation for photosynthesis reaction

A

Carbon dioxide + water → sugar + oxygen

30
Q

Explain combustion

A

Combustion is the burning of a fuel to produce heat and light. It is exothermic because it creates heat. The products that are formed from this equation are water + carbon dioxide

31
Q

Equation for complete combustion

A

Fuel + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide

32
Q

Equation for incomplete combustion

A

Fuel + not enough oxygen → carbon monoxide

Chapter 6: Acids and Bases (1 decks)

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